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Built from public survey data: the GSS, ANES, CES, the Census Bureau’s CPS supplements and Household Pulse Survey, the Federal Reserve’s SHED, the New York Fed’s Survey of Consumer Expectations, and Pew Research Center. Estimates computed here are weighted; see each source page for methods and citations. Survey of Consumer Expectations data: © 2013–2026 Federal Reserve Bank of New York, which disclaims responsibility for this analysis.

Data disclaimer & corrections More from Numerate Choir

ANES 1994 Time Series Study

Source: ANES
Field dates: 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 (day precision)
Mode: mixed
Population: US citizens 18+ living in households in the contiguous 48 states
Geography: National
Respondents: 1,795
Sample design: Interview modes (respondents): personal 1,757, telephone post 38. Includes 759 panel re-interview cases from earlier ANES studies.
Weight: VCF0009z, the CDF combined-sample weight ('1970 type 0; 2012-2024 full sample'), rescaled to mean 1. Nonconstant this year (design/nonresponse weights).
Notes: Post-election-only study (midterm year; election Nov. 8). Field dates are the earliest and latest interview dates implied by VCF1015/VCF1016 (days before/after the election); those variables code 99 as NA, so interviews 99+ days after the election would be missed.
Data: https://electionstudies.org/data-center/anes-time-series-cumulative-data-file/

Questions asked (151)

opinion behavior demographic all

Trust & government › Trust in the federal government

Trust in federal government to do what is right
Trust in government index

Trust & government › Political efficacy & responsiveness

Expected helpfulness of House incumbent with a problem
External political efficacy index
Government run by few big interests or for all
Officials care what people like me think
Other person's satisfaction with House incumbent's response
People like me have no say in government
Politics seems too complicated to understand
Satisfaction with House incumbent's response

Trust & government › Corruption & waste

How many government officials are crooked
How much government wastes tax money

Trust & government › Role & size of government

Government guarantee of jobs and living standard scale
President's position on guaranteed jobs and living standard

Trust & government › Spending priorities

Defense spending scale
Federal spending on AIDS research
Federal spending on Social Security
Federal spending on child care
Federal spending on dealing with crime
Federal spending on food stamps
Federal spending on public schools
Federal spending on the environment
Federal spending on welfare programs
Government services and spending scale
President's position on government services and spending

Trust & government › Government performance & approval

Approval of Congress's job performance
Approval of own House representative's job performance
Approval of president on foreign relations
Approval of president's handling of the economy
Approval of the president's job performance
Country on right track or wrong track
Most important national problem, first mention
Strength of approval or disapproval of the president

Trust & government › Democracy & elections

Support for congressional term limits

Economy, work, & money › National economy

Effect of federal economic policies, seven categories
Effect of federal economic policies, three categories
Expected national economy over next year
How much better or worse the economy got in past year
National economy better or worse over past year
Party better at handling the nation's economy

Economy, work, & money › Personal finances

Expected financial situation a year from now
Financially better or worse off than a year ago
How much better or worse off financially than a year ago

Economy, work, & money › Inequality & mobility

Big problem that not everyone has an equal chance
Country better off if we worried less about equality
Fewer problems if people were treated more equally
Not a big problem if some have more chances in life
Society should ensure equal opportunity to succeed

Economy, work, & money › Unions & labor

Feeling thermometer: Labor unions

Economy, work, & money › Business & corporations

Feeling thermometer: Big business

Politics & elections › Party & ideology

Democratic Party on government aid to blacks
Democratic Party on government guaranteeing jobs and living standard
Democratic Party on government services and spending
Dislikes anything about the Democratic Party
Dislikes anything about the Republican Party
Feeling thermometer: Conservatives
Feeling thermometer: Democratic Party
Feeling thermometer: Liberals
Feeling thermometer: Political parties
Feeling thermometer: Republican Party
Important differences between Republicans and Democrats
Likes anything about the Democratic Party
Likes anything about the Republican Party
Net affect toward the Democratic Party
Net affect toward the Republican Party
Net affect toward the major parties
Number of things disliked about the Democratic Party
Number of things disliked about the Republican Party
Number of things liked about the Democratic Party
Number of things liked about the Republican Party
Party better at handling most important problem
Placement of the Democratic Party on liberal-conservative scale
Placement of the Republican Party on liberal-conservative scale
President's liberal-conservative placement
Relative salience of the major parties

Politics & elections › Participation & engagement

Cares which party wins the House election
Interest in political campaigns
Interest in public affairs

Politics & elections › Candidates & political figures

Feeling thermometer for Al Gore
Feeling thermometer for Bill Clinton
Feeling thermometer for Dan Quayle
Feeling thermometer for Hillary Clinton
Feeling thermometer for Jesse Jackson
Feeling thermometer for Robert Dole
Feeling thermometer for Ross Perot
Feeling thermometer for first senator, no Senate race
Feeling thermometer for second senator, no Senate race
Feeling thermometer for senator in state with Senate race
Feeling thermometer for the U.S. president
Feeling thermometer for the vice president
President described as knowledgeable
President described as moral
President described as providing strong leadership
President has made you feel afraid
President has made you feel angry
President has made you feel hopeful
President has made you feel proud
President really cares about people like you

Politics & elections › Polarization & partisan feelings

Average party thermometer rating, both major parties
Major party thermometer index

Social & moral issues › Abortion

When abortion should be allowed by law

Social & moral issues › Death penalty

Favor or oppose death penalty for murder
Strength of view on death penalty for murder

Social & moral issues › LGBT issues

Feeling thermometer: Gays and lesbians

Social & moral issues › Sexual morality

Adjust view of moral behavior to a changing world

Social & moral issues › Free speech & civil liberties

Tolerance of people with different moral standards

Race, immigration, & identity › Race relations & racial attitudes

Blacks have gotten less than they deserve
Blacks should succeed without special favors
Blacks would be as well off if they tried harder
Conditions make it difficult for Blacks to succeed
Gone too far in pushing equal rights
Government aid to blacks and minorities scale
Government role in school integration
How much the position of blacks has changed
President's position on government aid to Blacks

Race, immigration, & identity › Affirmative action

Preferential hiring and promotion of blacks
Preferential hiring of blacks, with strength of opinion

Race, immigration, & identity › Immigration

Feeling thermometer: Illegal aliens
Immigration levels, six categories
Immigration levels, three categories

Race, immigration, & identity › Feelings toward groups

Feeling thermometer for the elderly
Feeling thermometer: Black people
Feeling thermometer: Environmentalists
Feeling thermometer: Hispanics
Feeling thermometer: People on welfare
Feeling thermometer: Poor people
Feeling thermometer: White people
Feeling thermometer: Women's libbers
Thermometer rating of liberals and conservatives

Gender & family › Gender roles

Equal role for women scale

Gender & family › Marriage & family

More emphasis on traditional family ties would reduce problems
Newer lifestyles contribute to breakdown of society

Religion › Belief & practice

Amount of guidance religion provides in daily life
Importance of religion in respondent's life
Views on the authority of the Bible

Religion › Religion in public life

Feeling thermometer: Christian fundamentalists
School prayer policy, four options
Strength of opinion on school prayer policy

Health & health care › Health care policy

Democratic Party placement on government health insurance scale
Government vs. private health insurance scale
President's position on government health insurance
Republican Party placement on government health insurance scale

Foreign policy & defense › International relations

U.S. better off unconcerned with rest of world
U.S. position in the world weaker or stronger

Environment, energy, & science › Environment & climate

Party better at handling pollution and the environment

Republican Party on government aid to blacks

Republican Party on government guaranteeing jobs and living standard

Republican Party on government services and spending

Salience of the Democratic Party

Salience of the Republican Party

Salience of the major parties