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2004: Now I’m going to read several more statements. After each one, I would like you to tell me how strongly you agree or disagree. The first statement is: ALL YEARS: ‘Irish, Italians, Jewish and many other minorities overcame prejudice and worked their way up. Blacks should to the same without any special favors.’
Blacks should succeed without special favors · Asked in 13 waves, 1986–2024 · 35,259 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped as not asked: -1 'Inapplicable (unlisted code)'. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 9 in 1986, 1990. Kept and flagged: 8 (dk), 9 (no_answer). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: See question text and notes VCF9039. 1988 NOTE: Placement varied by form.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Agree strongly | Agree somewhat | Neither agree nor disagree | Disagree somewhat | Disagree strongly | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2024 Time Series Study Source variable: V242300. | 2024-08-03 to 2025-02-17 | mixed | 5,521 | 4,764 |
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V202300. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 7,449 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V162211. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 3,648 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,510 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,102 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V045193. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,066 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V001508. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,555 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study Source variable: V980513. | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 21% |
| 21% |
| 24% |
| 14% |
| 20% |
| 4764 |
| ±2 |
| Democrats | 9% | 14% | 19% | 18% | 40% | 1719 | ±3 |
| Independents (incl. leaners) | 18% | 23% | 27% | 16% | 15% | 1537 | ±4 |
| Republicans | 38% | 27% | 25% | 7% | 3% | 1481 | ±4 |
ANES 2024 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| mixed |
| 1,281 |
| 1,281 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V941049. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V926126. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,255 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900521. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 981 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880961. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 1,775 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860568. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 1,078 |