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‘It’s really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if blacks would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites.’
Blacks would be as well off if they tried harder · Asked in 12 waves, 1986–2024 · 34,174 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 9 in 1986, 1990. Kept and flagged: 8 (dk), 9 (no_answer). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: See question text and notes VCF9039. 1972 NOTE: The 1972 version of this question was not comparable. See question text and notes VCF9039. 1988 NOTE: Placement varied by form.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Agree strongly | Agree somewhat | Neither agree nor disagree | Disagree somewhat | Disagree strongly | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2024 Time Series Study Source variable: V242303. | 2024-08-03 to 2025-02-17 | mixed | 5,521 | 4,964 |
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V202303. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 7,449 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V162214. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 3,648 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study Source variable: resent_try. | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,510 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,102 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V045196. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,066 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V001510. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,555 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V941050. |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 12% |
| 19% |
| 22% |
| 19% |
| 28% |
| 4964 |
| ±2 |
| Democrats | 5% | 10% | 14% | 21% | 49% | 1772 | ±3 |
| Independents (incl. leaners) | 12% | 18% | 25% | 21% | 25% | 1609 | ±4 |
| Republicans | 21% | 29% | 29% | 14% | 7% | 1553 | ±4 |
ANES 2024 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 |
| mixed |
| 1,795 |
| 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V926128. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,255 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900522. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 979 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880963. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 1,775 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860579. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 1,076 |