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Voting, registration, turnout, political interest, campaign activity, and contacting officials.
| Question | Source | Years | Waves |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voted in the most recent presidential election | GSS | 1972–2024 | 35 |
| Voted in the national election 2000, 2002 VERSION2, and 2004 VERSION 1: In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. Which of the following statements best describes you: One, I did not vote (in the election this November); Two, I thought about voting this time - but didn’t; Three, I usually vote, but didn’t this time; or Four, I am sure I voted? | ANES | 1948–2024 | 32 |
| Tried to persuade others how to vote during campaign During the campaign, did you talk to any people and try to show them why they should vote for (1984 AND LATER: or against) one of the parties or candidates? | ANES | 1952–2024 | 31 |
| Interest in political campaigns Some people don’t pay much attention to political campaigns. How about you, would you say that you have been/were very much interested, somewhat interested, or not much interested in (1952-1998: following) the political campaigns (so far) this year? | ANES | 1952–2024 | 30 |
| Worked for a party or candidate during campaign Did you do any {other} work for one of the parties or candidates? | ANES | 1952–2024 | 29 |
| Donated money to a party or candidate during campaign During an election year people are often asked to make a contribution to support campaigns. Did you give money to a political party during this election year? Did you give money to an individual candidate running for public office? | ANES | 1952–2024 | 29 |
| Attended political meetings or rallies during campaign Did you go to any political meetings, rallies, (1984 AND LATER: speeches,) (1978,1980,1982: fund raising) dinners, or things like that (1984 AND LATER: in support of a particular candidate)? | ANES | 1952–2024 | 29 |
| Displayed campaign button, sticker, or sign 1984 AND LATER: Did you wear a campaign button, put a campaign sticker on your car, or place a sign in your window or in front of your house? | ANES | 1956–2024 | 28 |
| Campaign participation count, four categories Campaign participation count [2] | ANES | 1952–2016 | 27 |
| Registration and turnout summary Summary: did R register and vote | ANES | 1952–2024 | 26 |
| Contacted by the Democratic Party about campaign Did Democratic Party contact R about election campaign | ANES | 1956–2020 | 26 |
| Contacted by which major party about campaign (IF YES:) Which party was that (1956,1960: were they from)? | ANES | 1956–2020 | 26 |
| Contacted by any major party about campaign Did PARTY contact R about election campaign? | ANES | 1956–2020 | 26 |
| Knew which party held House majority before election (IF NECESSARY:) Which one? (2000, 2004: DON’T PROBE DK) | ANES | 1958–2020 | 26 |
| Contacted by the Republican Party about campaign Did Republican Party contact R about election campaign | ANES | 1956–2020 | 26 |
| Campaign participation count, six categories Campaign participation count [1] | ANES | 1956–2016 | 25 |
| Interest in public affairs We’d also like to know how much attention you pay to what’s going on in politics generally. I mean from day to day, when there isn’t any big election campaign going on, would you say you follow politics very closely, fairly closely, or not much at all? | ANES | 1964–2008 | 21 |
| Self-reported voter registration | CES | 2006–2025 | 20 |
| Interest in government and public affairs Some people seem to follow what’s going on in government and public affairs most of the time, whether there’s an election going on or not. Others aren’t that interested. Would you say you follow what’s going on in government and public affairs .. | CES | 2007–2025 | 19 |
| Expectation that the presidential race will be close Do you think the presidential race will be close or will one candidate win by quite a bit? | ANES | 1952–2020 | 18 |
| Party given money To which party (did you give money)? | ANES | 1972–2016 | 18 |
| Registered to vote Were you registered to vote in this election? | ANES | 1948–2008 | 17 |
| Gave money to an individual candidate During an election year people are often asked to make a contribution to support campaigns. Did you give money to an individual candidate running for public office? | ANES | 1980–2016 | 16 |
| Contributed to a political party Did you give money to a political party during this election year? | ANES | 1980–2016 | 16 |
| Cares which party wins the presidential election Generally speaking, would you say that you personally care a good deal which party (1992 and later: who) wins the presidential election this fall, or that you don’t care very much which party (1992 and later: who) wins? | ANES | 1952–2012 | 16 |
| Cares which party wins the House election As you know, representatives to Congress in Washington are being chosen in this election from congressional districts all around the country. How much would you say that you personally care about the way the elections (1996 AND LATER: election) to the U.S. House of Representatives (1970,1974: to Congress) come(s) out: Do you care very much, pretty much, not very much or not at all? | ANES | 1966–2008 | 16 |
| Membership in political clubs D. Political clubs | GSS | 1974–2004 | 16 |
| Correct on which House candidate was the incumbent (IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which {candidate} was that? | ANES | 1958–2000 | 16 |
| Knows whether a House candidate was already in office Do you happen to know if [candidate in district where only 1 candidate ran] / either [first candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] or [second candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] was already in the U.S. House of Representatives before the election? | ANES | 1958–2000 | 16 |
| Contacted by someone other than the major parties Other than someone from the two major parties, did anyone else call you up or come around and talk to you about supporting specific candidates in this last election? | ANES | 1980–2020 | 15 |
| Party of candidate given money ALL YEARS: Which party did that candidate belong to? | ANES | 1980–2016 | 15 |
| Can identify the job of the chief justice {BEFORE 2004: PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME. RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE} {2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON’T KNOWS WITH, “WELL, WHAT’S YOUR BEST GUESS?” DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS QUESTION} | ANES | 1986–2024 | 14 |
| Anyone talked to respondent about registering or voting During the campaign this year, did anyone talk to you about registering to vote or getting out to vote (1984,1986: or about voting)? | ANES | 1984–2020 | 14 |
| Days in past week discussed politics How many days in the past week did you talk about politics with your family or friend | ANES | 1984–2020 | 14 |
| Discusses politics with family and friends Do you ever discuss politics with your family or friends? | ANES | 1984–2020 | 14 |
| Contributed to a political action committee Did you give any money to any other group that supported or opposed candidates? | ANES | 1984–2016 | 14 |
| Party of recalled House candidates Recall summary: major party candidate recalls | ANES | 1970–2000 | 14 |
| Recalled House candidate from own or other party Recall summary: does R recall own/other major party candidate? | ANES | 1970–2000 | 14 |
| Recall of House candidate names, third mention (IF YES:) Who were they? (3RD MENTION) [1996-LATER:] What was (NAME’S) party? | ANES | 1978–2000 | 12 |
| Recall of House candidate names, second mention (IF YES:) Who were they? (2ND MENTION) [1996-LATER:] What was (NAME’S) party? | ANES | 1978–2000 | 12 |
| Number of House candidate names correctly recalled Summary: number of correct recalls– U.S. House candidates | ANES | 1978–2000 | 12 |
| Knew which party won House majority in election Do you happen to know which party elected the most members to the House of representatives in the elections this/last month? | ANES | 1958–1984 | 12 |
| Can identify the job of the vice president {BEFORE 2004: PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME. RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE} {2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON’T KNOWS WITH, “WELL, WHAT’S YOUR BEST GUESS?” DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS QUESTION} | ANES | 1986–2020 | 11 |
| Party with Senate majority before the election Do you happen to know which party had the most members in the U.S. Senate before the election this/last month? (IF NECESSARY: ) Which one? | ANES | 1982–2004 | 11 |
| Self-reported turnout in election 2020: Which of the following statements best describes you? | CES | 2006–2024 | 10 |
| Voted in presidential primary or caucus Did you vote in a presidential primary election or caucus (2012,2016: this year)? | ANES | 1968–2020 | 10 |
| Whether people who don't care about the outcome should vote ‘If a person doesn’t (1988: if people don’t) care how an election comes out he (1980,1984: then that person; 1988,1992: they) shouldn’t vote in it.’ | ANES | 1952–1992 | 10 |
| Belongs to a political club or organization Do you belong to any political club or organization? | ANES | 1952–1982 | 10 |
| Whether it matters if I vote when others do Do you AGREE, NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE, or DISAGREE with this statement? | ANES | 1952–2002 | 9 |
| Attended event where Republican House candidate spoke RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [Republican candidate] SPOKE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Knows someone who contacted House incumbent Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with challenger to House incumbent Contact with challenger to running incumbent? (YES/NO) | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Contacted House incumbent to seek information (IF YES: ) Was it to seek information? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with Republican House candidate Contact with Republican candidate? (YES/NO) | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Heard Republican House candidate on the radio RESPONDENT HEARD [Republican candidate] ON THE RADIO | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Attended meeting where House incumbent spoke RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [incumbent] SPOKE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Talked to House incumbent's staff RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [incumbent’s] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN [incumbent’s] OFFICE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Received mail from Democratic House candidate RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [Democratic candidate] | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Number of contacts with Democratic House candidate Number of specified contacts made with Democratic candidate | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Number of contacts with Republican House candidate Number of specified contacts made with Republican candidate | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Heard Democratic House candidate on the radio RESPONDENT HEARD [Democratic candidate] ON THE RADIO | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Received mail from Republican House candidate RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [Republican candidate] | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Read about Republican House candidate in print media RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [Republican candidate] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Saw Republican House candidate on TV RESPONDENT SAW [Republican candidate] ON TV | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with Democratic House candidate Contact with Democratic candidate? (YES/NO) | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with Republican House candidate Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her) through any of these ways? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Talked to staff of Republican House candidate RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [Republican candidate’s] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN [Republican candidate’s] OFFICE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Ever contacted running House incumbent or office Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted [running U.S. House incumbent] or anyone in his/her office? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Attended meeting where House challenger spoke RESPONDENT ATTENDED A MEETING OR GATHERING WHERE [challenger] SPOKE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Saw House incumbent on TV RESPONDENT SAW [incumbent] ON TV | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Talked to Democratic House candidate's staff RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [Democratic candidate] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN [Democratic candidate’s] OFFICE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Received mail from House incumbent RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [incumbent] | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Attended meeting where Democratic House candidate spoke SPOKE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Knows someone who contacted House incumbent Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who have had some contact with [incumbent]? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with House challenger Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her) through any of these ways? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Met Democratic House candidate personally RESPONDENT MET [Democratic candidate] PERSONALLY | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Heard House incumbent on the radio RESPONDENT HEARD [incumbent] ON THE RADIO | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with Democratic House candidate Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her) through any of these ways? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Met House challenger personally RESPONDENT MET [challenger] PERSONALLY | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Knows someone who contacted House challenger Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who have had some contact with [challenger] | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Talked to House challenger's staff RESPONDENT TALKED TO A MEMBER OF [challenger’s] STAFF OR SOMEONE IN [challenger’s] OFFICE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Read about Democratic House candidate in print media RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [Democratic candidate] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Saw House challenger on TV RESPONDENT SAW [challenger] ON TV | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Knows someone who contacted Democratic House candidate Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who have had some contact with [Democratic candidate]? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Heard House challenger on the radio RESPONDENT HEARD [challenger] ON THE RADIO | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Read about House challenger in newspaper or magazine RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [challenger] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Received mail from House challenger RESPONDENT RECEIVED SOMETHING IN MAIL FROM [challenger] | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Read about House incumbent in newspaper or magazine RESPONDENT READ ABOUT [incumbent] IN A NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Met Republican House candidate personally RESPONDENT MET [Republican candidate] PERSONALLY | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Number of contacts with challenger to House incumbent Number of specified contacts made with challenger to running incumbent candidate | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Contacted House incumbent to express an opinion (IF YES: ) Was it to express an opinion? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with House incumbent running Contact with running incumbent? (YES/NO) | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Number of contacts with House incumbent running Number of specified contacts made with running incumbent candidate | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Met House incumbent personally RESPONDENT MET [incumbent] PERSONALLY | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Any contact with House incumbent Think of [incumbent candidate] (who has been the U.S. Representative/who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives) from this district. Have you come into contact with or learned anything about (him/her) through any of these ways? (LIST SHOWN TO R) | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Saw Democratic House candidate on TV RESPONDENT SAW [Democratic candidate] ON TV | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Contacted House incumbent to seek help with a problem (IF YES: ) Was it to seek help on a problem (/problem that you had)? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Knows someone who contacted Republican House candidate Do you know anyone, any of your family, friends or people at work, who have had some contact with [Republican candidate]? | ANES | 1978–1994 | 9 |
| Registered to vote before the election Now how about the election this November. (1952-1964: Do you know if you are; 1968-1980: Are you) registered/eligible so that you could vote in the November election if you wanted to? | ANES | 1952–1980 | 9 |
| Voted in the November election In any election, some people are not able to vote because they are sick or busy or have some other reason, and others do not want to vote. Did (you/name) vote in the election held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2010–2024 | 8 |
| Voted on Election Day or before Was that on election day or before election day? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2010–2024 | 8 |
| Can identify the job of the Speaker of the House {BEFORE 2004: PAUSE AFTER EACH NAME. RECORD EXACTLY WHAT IS SAID BUT DO NOT PROBE} {2004-LATER: INTERVIEWER: DOUBLE-CHECK THAT SCREEN IS NOT WITHIN VIEW OF THE RESPONDENT. PROBE DON’T KNOWS WITH, “WELL, WHAT’S YOUR BEST GUESS?” DK KEY IS NOT ALLOWED FOR THIS QUESTION} | ANES | 1992–2024 | 8 |
| How the respondent registered to vote There are various places and ways people can register to vote. The last time (you/name) registered, how did (you/name) register to vote? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2010–2024 | 8 |
| Registered to vote in the November election (Were you/Was name) registered to vote in the November 5, 2024 election? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2010–2024 | 8 |
| Voted in person or by mail Did (you/he/she) vote in person or did (you/he/she) vote by mail? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2010–2024 | 8 |
| Voted on election day or earlier Did you vote on election day – that is [date of election] or did you vote at some time before this? | ANES | 1994–2020 | 8 |
| Recalls names of U.S. Senate candidates As you know, there were two Senate races in California this year. Do you happen to remember what the candidates’ names were? | ANES | 1974–1992 | 8 |
| Self-reported voter turnout VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: R Turnout (Self-reported) | ANES | 1964–1990 | 8 |
| Intention to vote in the general election 2020: Do you intend to vote in the 2020 general election on November 3rd? | CES | 2012–2024 | 7 |
| Main reason did not vote What was the main reason (you/name) did not vote? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2010–2024 | 7 |
| Main reason not registered to vote Which of the following was the MAIN reason (you/name) (were/was) not registered to vote? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2010–2024 | 7 |
| Attended a meeting about a community or school issue During the past twelve months, did you attend a meeting about an issue facing your community or schools? | ANES | 2000–2024 | 7 |
| Interest in economic issues Economic issues and business conditions. (Are you very interested, moderately interested, or not at all interested?) | GSS | 2008–2021 | 7 |
| Worked with others on a community issue During the past 12 months, have you worked with other people to deal with some issue facing your community? | ANES | 2000–2020 | 7 |
| Voted in person or by absentee ballot Did you vote in person or by absentee ballot? | ANES | 1994–2008 | 7 |
| How long before election day respondent voted How long before [date of election] did you vote? | ANES | 1994–2008 | 7 |
| Correct recall of third Senate candidate name Who were they? (3RD MENTION) | ANES | 1978–1992 | 7 |
| Correct recall of first Senate candidate name Who were they? (1ST MENTION) | ANES | 1978–1992 | 7 |
| Used tax checkoff for political contribution Did you use the one-dollar check-off option on your Federal income tax return to make a political contribution this year?’ | ANES | 1980–1992 | 7 |
| Correct recall of second Senate candidate name Who were they? (2ND MENTION) | ANES | 1978–1992 | 7 |
| Number of Senate candidate names correctly recalled Summary: number of corrent recalls– U.S. Senate candidates | ANES | 1978–1992 | 7 |
| Importance of voting when your party can't win ‘It isn’t so important to vote when you know your party doesn’t have any chance to win.’ | ANES | 1952–1980 | 7 |
| Whether many local elections are unimportant ‘A good many local elections aren’t important enough to bother with.’ | ANES | 1952–1980 | 7 |
| Interest in farm issues Agricultural and farm issues. (Are you very interested, moderately interested, or not at all interested?) | GSS | 2008–2018 | 6 |
| Interest in international issues International and foreign policy issues. Are you very interested, moderately interested, or not at all interested? | GSS | 2008–2018 | 6 |
| Interest in environmental issues Issues about environmental pollution. (Are you very interested, moderately interested, or not at all interested?) | GSS | 2008–2018 | 6 |
| Frequency of discussing politics with family and friends How often do you discuss politics with your family or friends – every day, 3 or 4 times a week, once or twice a week, or less often than that? | ANES | 1984–1998 | 6 |
| Self-reported voter registration status VOTE VALIDATION STUDY: R Registration Status (Self-reported) | ANES | 1978–1990 | 6 |
| Attention paid to government and politics All the time, most of the time, about half the time, once in a while, or never? | ANES | 2008–2024 | 5 |
| Personal interest in politics How interested would you say you personally are in politics? | GSS | 1990–2024 | 5 |
| Voted in the 1984 presidential election E. In 1984, you remember that Mondale ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Reagan for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1985–1989 | 5 |
| Voted in the 1980 presidential election D. In 1980, you remember that Carter ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Reagan for the Republicans, and anderson as an Independent. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1982–1987 | 5 |
| Voted in the 1972 presidential election B. In 1972, you remember that McGovern ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Nixon for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1973–1977 | 5 |
| Voted in the 2016 presidential election Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 2018–2024 | 4 |
| Voted in the last local elections [In the past 12 months,] did [you/[NAME] vote in the last local elections, such as for mayor or school board? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2017–2023 | 4 |
| Bought or boycotted products over company political values [In the past 12 months,] Did [you/[NAME] buy or boycott products or services based on the political values or business practices of that company? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2017–2023 | 4 |
| Attended a public meeting on a local issue [In the past 12 months,] did [you/[NAME] attend a public meeting, such as a zoning or school board meeting, to discuss a local issue? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2017–2023 | 4 |
| Discussed political or local issues with neighbors [In the past 12 months,] how often did [you/[NAME]] discuss political, societal, or local issues with [your/his/her] neighbors? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2017–2023 | 4 |
| Discussed political or local issues with friends or family [In the past 12 months,] how often did [you/[NAME] discuss political, societal, or local issues with friends or family? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2017–2023 | 4 |
| Gave over $25 to a political organization, party, or campaign [In the past 12 months,] did [you/[NAME] give money or possessions with a combined value of more than $25 to a political organization, party, or campaign? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2017–2023 | 4 |
| Contacted or visited a public official to express an opinion [In the past 12 months,] did [you/[NAME] contact or visit a public official – at any level of government – to express [your/his/her] opinion? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2017–2023 | 4 |
| Voted in the 1992 presidential election Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1993–1998 | 4 |
| Voted in the 1988 presidential election F. In 1988, you remember that Dukakis ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Bush for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1989–1993 | 4 |
| Ever contacted House representative or office Have you (or anyone in your family living here) ever contacted [retiring OR running U.S. House Representative] or anyone in his/her office? | ANES | 1978–1990 | 4 |
| Contacted House representative to seek information (IF YES: ) Was it to seek information? | ANES | 1978–1990 | 4 |
| Contacted House representative to express an opinion (IF YES: ) Was it to express an opinion? | ANES | 1978–1990 | 4 |
| Contacted House representative to seek help with a problem (IF YES: ) Was it to seek help on a problem? | ANES | 1978–1990 | 4 |
| Knows someone who contacted House representative Do you know anyone {else} who has contacted [retiring OR running U.S. House representative] or anyone in his/her office? | ANES | 1978–1990 | 4 |
| Voted in the 1976 presidential election C. In 1976, you remember that Carter ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Ford for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1977–1982 | 4 |
| Ever wrote a letter to a public official Have you ever written a letter to any public officials giving them your opinion about something that should be done? | ANES | 1964–1976 | 4 |
| Voted in the 2012 presidential election L. In 2012, you remember that Obama ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Romney for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 2014–2018 | 3 |
| Voted in the 2008 presidential election K. In 2008, you remember that Obama ran for President on the Democratic ticket against McCain for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 2010–2014 | 3 |
| Voted in the 2004 presidential election J. In 2004, you remember that Kerry ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Bush for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 2006–2010 | 3 |
| Voted in the 2000 presidential election I. In 2000, you remember that Gore ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Bush for the Republicans . Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 2002–2006 | 3 |
| Voted in the 1996 presidential election H. In 1996, you remember that Clinton ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Dole for the Republicans and Perot for the Reform Party. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1998–2002 | 3 |
| Remembers House incumbent's vote on any bill Was there any bill in particular that you remember how [House running incumbent] voted on in the last couple of years? | ANES | 1986–1990 | 3 |
| Voted in the 2020 presidential election In 2020, you remember that Joe Biden ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Donald Trump for the Republicans. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 2022–2024 | 2 |
| Attended a political meeting or rally D. Attended a political meeting or rally | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Took part in a demonstration C. Took part in a demonstration | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Contacted politician or civil servant to express views E. Contacted, or attempted to contact, a politician or a civil servant to express your views | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| How often tries to persuade others to share political views When you hold a strong opinion about politics, how often do you try to persuade your friends, relatives or fellow workers to share your views? | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Personal interest in politics, four-point scale How interested would you say you personally are in politics? | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Membership in a political party A. A political party | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Contacted or appeared in media to express views G. Contacted or appeared in the media to express your views | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Importance of always voting to being a good citizen A. Always to vote in elections | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Signed a petition, recency A. Signed a petition | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| How often respondent discusses politics with others When you get together with your friends, relatives or fellow workers, how often do you discuss politics? | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Boycotted or bought products for political reasons B. Boycotted, or deliberately bought, certain products for political, ethical or environmental reasons | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Importance of choosing products for political or ethical reasons G. To choose products for political, ethical or environmental reasons, even if they cost a bit more. | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Importance of being active in associations for good citizenship E. To be active in social or political associations | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Donated money or raised funds for social or political activity F. Donated money or raised funds for a social or political activity | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| How often votes in local elections The first question is about LOCAL elections, such as for mayor or a school board. (Do you/Does NAME) always vote in local elections, (do you/does he/does she) sometimes vote, (do you/does he/does she) rarely vote, or (do you/does he/does she) never vote? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2011–2013 | 2 |
| Contacted a public official to express an opinion I am going to read a list of things some people have done to express their views. Please tell me whether or not (you ave/NAME has) done any of the following in the last 12 months, that is since November 2012: Contacted or visited a public official – at any level of government – to express (your/his/her) opinion? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2011–2013 | 2 |
| Bought or boycotted a product over company values Bought or boycotted a certain product or service because of the social or political values of the company that provides it? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2011–2013 | 2 |
| Frequency of discussing politics with family or friends These next questions ask how often (you/NAME) did something during a TYPICAL MONTH in the last 12 months, that is since November 2012. How often did (you/NAME) discuss politics with family or friends – basically every day, a few times a week, a few times a month, once a month, less than once a month, or not at all? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2011–2013 | 2 |
| Frequency of expressing political opinions on the internet How often, if at all, (have you/has NAME) used the Internet to express (your/his/her) opinions about POLITICAL or COMMUNITY issues within the last 12 months – basically every day, a few times a week, a few times a month, once a month, less than once a month, or not at all? | CPS Civic Engagement | 2011–2013 | 2 |
| Discussed political views with others in past year G. Discussed your views about political or social policy issues, current affairs, or political campaigns with other people? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Visits political sites that challenge own opinions C. Visit sites that challenge your own opinions and provide different perspectives on political affairs? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Attended political meeting because of something on the Web C. Attended a political meeting or demonstration? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Used the web for political information in past year M. Go to a Web site to find information about political or social policy issues, current affairs, or political campaigns? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Political websites lead to changing one's mind C. Visiting such sites leads you to change your mind on issues? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Used the web to learn about political campaigns G. Political campaigns? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Looked for political information in past year H. Looked for information about political or social policy issues, current affairs, or political campaigns? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Political websites strengthen existing opinions B. Visiting such sites tends to strengthen or confirm the opinions you already hold? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Contacted official because of something learned on the Web B. Contacted a senator, congressman or other elected official to express an opinion? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Web experience changed view on political issue B. Did your Web experience change your view in any way? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Visits political websites that match own views A. Visit political sites with points of view that you agree with? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Signed a petition because of something on the Web A. Signed a petition? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Voted in the 1968 presidential election A. Now in 1968, you remember that Humphrey ran for President on the Democratic ticket against Nixon for the Republicans, and Wallace as an Independent. Do you remember for sure whether or not you voted in that election? | GSS | 1972–1973 | 2 |
| How closely respondent follows politics We’d also like to know how much attention you pay to what’s going on in politics generally. I mean from day to day, when there isn’t any big election campaign going on, would you say you follow politics very closely, fairly closely, or not much at all? | ANES | 1960–1962 | 2 |
| Voting problem: other What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. House candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in another state] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for state legislature Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [State legislature] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Signed a petition in past year, online or offline Here are some different forms of political and social action that people can take. Please indicate, for each one, whether you have done any of these things in the last 12 months offline only, online only, or both offline and online.… Signed a petition. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for statewide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Statewide office] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Where mail ballot was returned Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was returned? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Frequency of expressing political views online How often, if at all, did you express, support or oppose political views on the Internet or social media in the last 12 months? | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for federal legislature Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Federal legislature] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Voting problem: identification What was the problem? Check all that apply. [ID] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Intention to vote in the 2024 general election Do you intend to vote in the 2024 general election on November 5th? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Likelihood of voting in 2024 presidential election How likely are you to vote in the November 2024 presidential election? | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for city council Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City Council] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Main reason for not voting in a past election The vast majority of eligible citizens do not vote in every national election. The last time you did not vote, what would you say was your main reason for not voting? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by email or text message How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Email or text message] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Main reason for not voting in 2024 What was the main reason you did not vote? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Registered to vote on Election Day Did you register to vote at the polls or city office on Election Day this year? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Amount donated to all candidates and committees | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a political action committee at work Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political action committee at work] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Attended a protest, march, or demonstration in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend a political protest, march or demonstration] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Voting problem: registration What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Registration] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. Senate candidate in own state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in my state] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a presidential candidate Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for President] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Voted at a precinct polling place or vote center Did you vote at a precinct polling place or at a vote center? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Contacted a public official in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Contact a public official] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Voting problem: wrong polling place What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Wrong place] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Organized a protest in past year, online or offline Here are some different forms of political and social action that people can take. Please indicate, for each one, whether you have done any of these things in the last 12 months offline only, online only, or both offline and online… Organized or helped to organize a demonstration or political protest. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Problem with voter registration or ID when voting Was there a problem with your voter registration or voter identification when you tried to vote? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Took part in a protest in past year, online or offline Here are some different forms of political and social action that people can take. Please indicate, for each one, whether you have done any of these things in the last 12 months offline only, online only, or both offline and online… Took part in a demonstration or political protest. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Second reason for not voting in 2024 Was there any other reason you did not vote? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Past-year activities: none of these During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [None of these] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated money to a political cause in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Donate money to a candidate, campaign, or political organization] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Joined a cause group in past year, online or offline Here are some different forms of political and social action that people can take. Please indicate, for each one, whether you have done any of these things in the last 12 months offline only, online only, or both offline and online.… Belonged to or joined a group that is involved in social issues or working to advance a cause. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Contacted a politician in past year, online or offline Here are some different forms of political and social action that people can take. Please indicate, for each one, whether you have done any of these things in the last 12 months offline only, online only, or both offline and online.... Contacted, or attempted to contact, a politician to express your views. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a political group Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political group] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Attended local political meetings in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend local political meetings] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a political party committee Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political party committee] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Voted in person on Election Day, early, or by mail Did you vote in person on Election Day, in person before Election Day, or by mail (that is, absentee or vote by mail)? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Wait time in line to vote Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to other political groups or people Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Put up a political sign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Put up a political sign] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Interest in this year's political campaigns Some people don't pay much attention to political campaigns. How about you? Would you say that you have been very much interested, somewhat interested or not much interested in the political campaigns so far this year? | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. Senate candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in another state] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by letter or postcard How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Letter or post card] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for city or district attorney Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City or District Attorney] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for other local board or commission Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other local board or commission] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for judge Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Judge] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Whether voted in the 2024 general election Which of the following statements best describes you? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a candidate for state office Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for state office] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for countywide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Countywide office] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Worked for a candidate or campaign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Work for a candidate or campaign] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for mayor Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Mayor] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Campaign contact in person How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [In person] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by phone call How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Phone call] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Wait time to drop off mail ballot Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait before you could deposit your ballot and leave? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for other office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Contacted by a candidate or campaign in 2024 Did a candidate or political campaign organization contact you during the 2024 election? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for school board Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [School Board] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. House candidate in own state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in my state] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ever run for elective office Have you ever run for elective office at any level of government (local, state or federal)? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Whether allowed to vote after a problem Were you allowed to vote? | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Ran for judge Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Judge] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by letter or postcard How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Letter or post card] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Whether voted in 2022 midterm election Which of the following statements best describes you? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a political action committee at work Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political action committee at work] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. House candidate in own state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in my state] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. Senate candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in another state] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Put up a political sign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Put up a political sign] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Intention to vote in 2022 general election Do you intend to vote in the 2022 general election on November 8th? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a presidential candidate Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for President] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for other local board or commission Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other local board or commission] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Whether allowed to vote Were you allowed to vote? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Contacted a public official in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Contact a public official] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a political group Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political group] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Main reason for not voting What was the main reason you did not vote? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Attended a protest, march, or demonstration in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend a political protest, march or demonstration] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Voted in person or by mail Did you vote in person on Election Day, in person before Election Day, or by mail (that is, absentee or vote by mail)? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Wait time in line to vote Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for city council Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City Council] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for federal legislature Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Federal legislature] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Wait time to return mail ballot Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait before you could deposit your ballot and leave? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Worked for a candidate or campaign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Work for a candidate or campaign] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. House candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in another state] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Campaign contact in person How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [In person] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for state legislature Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [State legislature] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. Senate candidate in own state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in my state] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for city or district attorney Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City or District Attorney] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Voted at precinct polling place or vote center Did you vote at a precinct polling place or at a vote center? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Voting problem: wrong place What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Wrong place] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ever run for elective office Have you ever run for elective office at any level of government (local, state or federal)? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for mayor Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Mayor] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated money to a political candidate or group in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Donate money to a candidate, campaign, or political organization] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| None of the listed activities in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [None of these] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by email or text message How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Email or text message] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Second reason for not voting Was there any other reason you did not vote? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a political party committee Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political party committee] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Voting problem: registration What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Registration] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Attended local political meetings in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend local political meetings] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for countywide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Countywide office] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Problem with registration or ID when voting Was there a problem with your voter registration or voter identification when you tried to vote? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to a candidate for state office Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for state office] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Total amount contributed to candidates and committees | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Registered to vote on Election Day Did you register to vote at the polls or city office on Election Day this year? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Voting problem: other What was the problem? Check all that apply. [other] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated money to other recipients Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for school board Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [School Board] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Contacted by a candidate or campaign in 2022 Did a candidate or political campaign organization contact you during the 2022 election? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Where mail ballot was returned Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was returned? | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for other office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Voting problem: identification What was the problem? Check all that apply. [ID] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by phone call How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Phone call] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Ran for statewide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Statewide office] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Donated to U.S. Senate candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in another state] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for federal legislature Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Federal legislature] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Where mail ballot was returned Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was returned? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Voted at a precinct polling place or vote center Did you vote at a precinct polling place or at a vote center? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by email or text message How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Email or text message] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Attended a protest, march, or demonstration in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend a political protest, march or demonstration] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for state legislature Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [State legislature] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Whether respondent voted in the 2020 election Which of the following statements best describes you? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Registered to vote on Election Day Did you register to vote at the polls or city office on Election Day this year? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated to U.S. House candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in another state] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for countywide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Countywide office] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for mayor Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Mayor] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated money to a U.S. Senate candidate Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in my state] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for other local board or commission Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other local board or commission] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Campaign contact in person How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [In person] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for elective office Have you ever run for elective office at any level of government (local, state or federal)? [past year] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Put up a political sign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Put up a political sign] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for school board Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [School Board] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Second reason for not voting Was there any other reason you did not vote? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Voting problem: identification What was the problem? Check all that apply. [ID] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Voting problem: wrong polling place What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Wrong place] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated to a candidate for state office Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for state office] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated money to other groups or people Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated to a candidate, campaign, or political group During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Donate money to a candidate, campaign, or political organization] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for statewide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Statewide office] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated to U.S. House candidate in own state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in my state] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Voted in person or by mail Did you vote in person on Election Day, in person before Election Day, or by mail (that is, absentee or vote by mail)? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Worked for a candidate or campaign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Work for a candidate or campaign] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated to a political group Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political group] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Contacted by a candidate or campaign in 2020 Did a candidate or political campaign organization contact you during the 2020 election? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Wait time in line to vote Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Contacted a public official in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Contact a public official] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Wait time to drop off mail ballot Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait before you could deposit your ballot and leave? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Problem with registration or ID when voting Was there a problem with your voter registration or voter identification when you tried to vote? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for city council Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City Council] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated to a political party committee Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political party committee] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Whether allowed to vote after a problem Were you allowed to vote? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for other office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Attended local political meetings in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend local political meetings] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for city or district attorney Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City or District Attorney] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by phone call How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Phone call] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated to a political action committee at work Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political action committee at work] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for judge Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Judge] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Main reason not registered to vote, 2020 version Which of the following was the MAIN reason (you/name) (were/was) not registered to vote? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2020 | 1 |
| Main reason did not vote, 2020 version What was the main reason (you/name) did not vote? | CPS Voting Supplement | 2020 | 1 |
| Main reason for not voting What was the main reason you did not vote? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Donated money to a presidential candidate Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for President] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| No political or civic activities in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [None of these] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Campaign contact by letter or postcard How did these candidates or campaigns contact you? Check all that apply. [Letter or post card] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Voting problem: registration What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Registration] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Intention to vote in the 2020 general election Do you intend to vote in the 2020 general election on November 3rd? | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Total amount donated to candidates and committees | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Has run for office: statewide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Statewide office] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for school board Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [School Board] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a political group Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political group] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Attended a protest, march, or demonstration in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend a political protest, march or demonstration] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to other political recipients Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voting problem: identification What was the problem? Check all that apply. [ID] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. House candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in another state] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a candidate for state office Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for state office] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: other local board or commission Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other local board or commission] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: other office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Put up a political sign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Put up a political sign] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: state legislature Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [State legislature] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: city council Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City Council] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voted in person or by mail Did you vote in person _on_ Election Day, in person _before_ Election Day, or by mail (that is, absentee or vote by mail)? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Whether voted in the 2018 midterm election Which of the following statements best describes you? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Worked for a candidate or campaign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Work for a candidate or campaign] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for judge Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Judge] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a political party committee Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political party committee] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. Senate candidate in another state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in another state] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Contacted a public official in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Contact a public official] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Whether allowed to vote at the polls Were you allowed to vote? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voted in the 2016 general election Did you vote in the 2016 General Election? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voting problem: other What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Other] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Took part in political party or group activities In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you taken part in the activities? Of political parties, political groups or political associations? | GSS | 2018 | 1 |
| Wait time in line to vote Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voted at precinct polling place or vote center Did you vote in person _on_ Election Day, in person _before_ Election Day, or by mail (that is, absentee or vote by mail)? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: mayor Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Mayor] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Problem with registration or ID when voting Was there a problem with your voter registration or voter identification when you tried to vote? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. House candidate in own state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. House in my state] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Second reason for not voting Was there any other reason you did not vote? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Intention to vote in the 2018 midterm election Do you intend to vote in the 2018 midterm election on November 6? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: countywide office Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Countywide office (e.g. supervisor)] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voting problem: went to the wrong polling place What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Wrong place] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voted in the 2018 primary election Did you vote in your state’s primary election to nominate candidates for Congress or state office on $Primary_Date_Formatted of this year? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: U.S. House or Senate Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [Federal legislature (U.S. House or Senate)] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Has run for office: city or district attorney Which of the following offices have you run for? Select all that apply. [City or District Attorney] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Main reason for not voting What was the main reason you did not vote? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a U.S. Senate candidate in own state Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Candidate for U.S. Senate in my state] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Registered to vote on Election Day Did you register to vote at the polls or city office on Election Day this year? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Attended local political meetings in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Attend local political meetings] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Did none of the listed activities in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [None of these] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Voting problem: registration What was the problem? Check all that apply. [Registration] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated money to a candidate or campaign in past year During the past year did you ... (Check all that apply) [Donate money to a candidate, campaign, or political organization] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Donated to a political action committee at work Please indicate to which of the following groups or people you donated money. Select all that apply. [Political action committee at work] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Ever run for elective office Have you ever run for elective office at any level of government (local, state or federal)? | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Total amount contributed to candidates and committees Approximately how much did you contribute to all candidates and committees over the last year? Min. 1.0 1st Qu. 50.0 Median 100.0 Mean 484.0 3rd Qu. 250.0 | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Expressed political views on the internet I. Expressed political views on the internet | GSS | 2014 | 1 |