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1952,1956,1960-1964: I have a list of some of the things that people do that help a party or a candidate win an election. I wonder if you could tell me whether you did any of these things. 1968,1972 AND LATER: Now I’d like to find out (1990 AND LATER: We’d/we would like to find out) about some of the things that people do to help a party or candidate win an election. ALL YEARS: During the campaign, did you talk to any people and try to show them why they should vote for (1984 AND LATER: or against) one of the parties or candidates?
Tried to persuade others how to vote during campaign · Asked in 31 waves, 1952–2024 · 66,106 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 0 in 1972, 1984. Kept and flagged: 0 (other_missing). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: The order of items corresponding to VCF0717-VCF0722 (participation vars) may have varied by study.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | No | Yes | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2024 Time Series Study Source variable: V242010. | 2024-08-03 to 2025-02-17 | mixed | 5,521 | 4,964 |
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V202009, V202010, V202011, V20201. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 7,449 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V162010. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 3,648 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study Source variable: mobilpo_rmob. | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,510 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study Source variable: V085029. | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,102 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V045010. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,066 |
| ANES 2002 Time Series Study Source variable: V025007. | 2002-09-18 to 2002-12-06 | phone | 1,511 | 1,346 |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 64% |
| 36% |
| 4964 |
| ±2 |
| Democrats | 55% | 45% | 1772 | ±3 |
| Independents (incl. leaners) | 72% | 28% | 1609 | ±4 |
| Republicans | 64% | 36% | 1553 | ±4 |
ANES 2024 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V001225. |
| 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 |
| mixed |
| 1,807 |
| 1,555 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study Source variable: V980361. | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 | mixed | 1,281 | 1,281 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study Source variable: V961165. | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,534 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V940808. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V925807. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,255 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900366. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,980 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880825. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 1,775 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860314. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840818. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 1,939 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study Source variable: V820473. | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,418 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800793. | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,408 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V780457. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,304 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study Source variable: V763529. | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 1,909 |
| ANES 1974 Time Series Study Source variable: V742195. | 1974-11-06 to 1975-01-31 | face to face | 1,575 | 1,575 |
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study Source variable: V720468. | 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 | face to face | 2,705 | 2,189 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study Source variable: V7000167(type 0). | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,507 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study Source variable: V680388. | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,348 |
| ANES 1966 Time Series Study Source variable: V660070. | 1966-11-08 to 1967-02-01 | face to face | 1,291 | 1,291 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study Source variable: V640313. | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,450 |
| ANES 1962 Time Series Study Source variable: V620049. | 1962-11-07 | face to face | 1,297 | 1,297 |
| ANES 1960 Time Series Study Source variable: V600215. | 1960-09-12 to 1960-12-26 | face to face | 1,181 | 1,109 |
| ANES 1958 Time Series Study Source variable: V580076. | 1958-11-05 to 1958-12-25 | face to face | 1,450 | 1,450 |
| ANES 1956 Time Series Study Source variable: V560215. | 1956-09-17 to 1957-01-19 | face to face | 1,762 | 1,762 |
| ANES 1952 Time Series Study Source variable: V520203. | 1952-09-15 | face to face | 1,899 | 1,714 |