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Good or bad time to buy durables, cars, or homes; household spending plans.
| Question | Source | Years | Waves |
|---|---|---|---|
| Changed spending because of working from home In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending for other reasons In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because usual shops reopened In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending due to concerns about the economy In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because of increased income In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because resumed working onsite In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending due to concern about crowds or high-risk contact In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because no longer concerned about economy In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending due to fear of layoff or reduced hours In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because of loss of income In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because less worried about crowds or contact In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because usual shops closed or cut hours In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Changed spending because less worried about layoff or reduced hours In the last 7 days, for which of the following reasons have you or your household changed spending? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 21 |
| Canceled or postponed housekeeping or caregiving services In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Used cash more instead of cards or phone apps In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Resumed or started housekeeping or caregiving services In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Used cards or phone apps more instead of cash In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Made no changes to spending or shopping In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Shifted to more in-store purchases In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Made more online purchases instead of in store In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Shifted to curbside pickup purchases In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Resumed eating at restaurants In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Avoided eating at restaurants In the last 7 days, which of the following changes have you or your household made to your spending or shopping? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2020–2021 | 15 |
| Difficulty obtaining infant formula in past month In the last month, did you have difficulty obtaining Infant Formula? | Household Pulse | 2023–2024 | 12 |
| Formula shortage: made own formula Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Switched from infant formula to other milk or drink Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Difficulty obtaining infant formula in past 7 days In the last 7 days, did you have difficulty obtaining Infant Formula? | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: switched from powder to liquid Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: bought formula online Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Household affected by infant formula shortage Was your household affected by the Infant Formula shortage that began in Febuary 2022? | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Stopped offering infant formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: increased breastfeeding or pumped milk Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: other way of coping Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: received formula from family or friends Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Switched from infant formula to other milk or drink Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: switched from powder to liquid Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Switched infant formula brand during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Stopped offering infant formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Amount of infant formula on hand Currently, how much Infant Formula do you have on hand? | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: received direct shipment from company Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: received direct shipment from company Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: bought formula online Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: switched to a different formula brand Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: bought at a different store Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 6 |
| Formula shortage: bought at a different store Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Watered down formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 6 |
| Spent more or less on in-person medical or dental visits Did you or your household spend more or less in each category in the last 7 days? - In-person medical or dental appointments | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Changed online shopping in last week In the last 7 days, have you or your household changed your spending or shopping in the following categories? Select all that apply - Online purchases | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Spent more or less on housekeeping or caregiving Did you or your household spend more or less in each category in the last 7 days? - Housekeeping or caregiving services | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Changed curbside pickup shopping in last week In the last 7 days, have you or your household changed your spending or shopping in the following categories? Select all that apply - Curbside pick-up | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Spent more or less on in-store shopping Did you or your household spend more or less in each category in the last 7 days? - In-store shopping | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Spent more or less on online purchases Did you or your household spend more or less in each category in the last 7 days? - Online purchases | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Spent more or less on eating indoors at restaurants Did you or your household spend more or less in each category in the last 7 days? - Eating indoors at restaurants | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Changed use of indoor restaurant dining In the last 7 days, have you or your household changed your use of the following services? Select all that apply. - Eating indoors at restaurants | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Spent more or less on curbside pickup Did you or your household spend more or less in each category in the last 7 days? - Curbside pick-up | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Changed in-store shopping in last week In the last 7 days, have you or your household changed your spending or shopping in the following categories? Select all that apply - In-store shopping | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Changed use of housekeeping or caregiving services In the last 7 days, have you or your household changed your use of the following services? Select all that apply. - Housekeeping or caregiving services | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Change in use of cash for purchases In the last 7 days, have you or your household increased or decreased your use of cash for purchases as opposed to cashless payment methods (e.g., credit cards, debit cards, smartphone apps)? Select one answer. | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Stopped offering infant formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Formula shortage: other way of coping Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 3 |
| Bought formula at a different store during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Switched from infant formula to other milk or drink Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Difficulty obtaining infant formula in the past week In the last 7 days, did you have difficulty obtaining Infant Formula? | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Watered down formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Household affected by infant formula shortage Has your household been affected by a shortage in Infant Formula? | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Made own formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Formula shortage: received formula from family or friends Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 3 |
| Received formula from family, friends, or groups during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Switched from powder to liquid formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Other response to infant formula shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Bought formula online during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Received direct formula shipment from company during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Switched infant formula brand during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Watered down formula during shortage Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022 | 3 |
| Formula shortage: made own formula Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022 | 3 |
| Formula shortage: increased breastfeeding or pumped milk Please state how you dealt with the infant formula shortage this year: (Select all that apply) | Household Pulse | 2022 | 3 |
| Amount of infant formula on hand Currently, how much Infant Formula do you have on hand? | Household Pulse | 2022 | 3 |
| Household affected by infant formula shortage Was your household affected by the Infant Formula shortage this year? | Household Pulse | 2022 | 3 |
| Difficulty obtaining infant formula in past 7 days In the last 7 days, did you have difficulty obtaining Infant Formula? | Household Pulse | 2022 | 3 |
| Looked for product information in past year A. Looked for information about a product you might want to buy? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Bought something on the web in past year D. Actually buy something? | GSS | 2000–2002 | 2 |
| Owns, leases, or has regular access to a vehicle Do you own, lease, or have regular access to a car, truck, van or sport utility vehicle (SUV)? | Fed SHED | 2022 | 1 |
| Bought personal care items online in past year Personal care items - In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following goods or services online: | Fed SHED | 2022 | 1 |
| Main reason for buying groceries online Groceries - What was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than at a local store? | Fed SHED | 2022 | 1 |
| Bought clothing online in past year Clothing - In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following goods or services online: | Fed SHED | 2022 | 1 |
| Main reason for buying clothing online Clothing - What was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than at a local store? | Fed SHED | 2022 | 1 |
| Main reason for buying personal care items online Personal care items - What was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than at a local store? | Fed SHED | 2022 | 1 |
| Bought groceries online in past year Groceries - In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following goods or services online: | Fed SHED | 2022 | 1 |
| Stayed in a private residence booked online [Stayed overnight in a private residence that you booked online using a service like Airbnb, VRBO, or HomeAway] In the past 12 months have you done each of the following: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Ordered food delivery or carryout online [Food delivery or carryout] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought other types of goods online [Other (Please specify)] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought furniture or household goods online [Furniture or household goods] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying electronics online rather than locally [Electronics or appliances] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying other goods online rather than locally [OL1other] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying groceries online rather than locally [Groceries or personal care items] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you madethese purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought clothing online [Clothing] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought tickets to live events online [Tickets to live events, like sporting events, concerts, or movies] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought used or handmade goods on Ebay, Craigslist, or Etsy [Bought used, second-hand, or handmade goods on websites like Ebay, Craigslist, or Etsy] In the past 12 months have you done each of the following: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Ordered prepared meal delivery through an online service [Ordered delivery of prepared meals through services such as GrubHub, Caviar, Instacart, or UberEats] In the past 12 months have you done each of the following: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Used the internet to read product reviews or get information [Read product reviews or get product information] In the past 12 months, have you used the internet to do each of the following, even if you did not make the purchase online? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying books or music online rather than locally [Books, music, or DVDs] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Used the internet to compare prices and availability [Compare prices and the availability of products, either across online sites or listed for sale in brick-and-mortar stores? In the past 12 months, have you used the internet to do each of the following, even if you did not make the purchase online? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Made reservations online [Made reservations online, such as at a restaurant, salon, or doctor?s office] In the past 12 months, have you used the internet to do each of the following, even if you did not make the purchase online? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying furniture online rather than locally [Furniture or household goods] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought groceries or personal care items online [Groceries or personal care items] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for ordering food online rather than locally [Food delivery or carryout] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying clothing online rather than locally [Clothing] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Used the internet to contact customer service [Interacted with a customer service representative for a product you purchased] In the past 12 months, have you used the internet to do each of the following, even if you did not make the purchase online? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought books, music, or DVDs online [Books, music, or DVDs] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying event tickets online rather than locally [Tickets to live events, like sporting events, concerts, or movies] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Used a ride-hailing service like Uber or Lyft [Used a ride-hailing service like Uber or Lyft?] In the past 12 months have you done each of the following: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Reason for buying travel items online rather than locally [Travel-related items (plane tickets, hotel rooms)] For each type of good that you purchased online in the past 12 months, what was the primary reason that you made these purchases online rather than in a local store? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought electronics or appliances online [Electronics or appliances] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Bought travel items online [Travel-related items (plane tickets, hotel rooms)] In the past 12 months, have you purchased each of the following types of goods online: | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Negotiated trade-in amount for old vehicle [Amount offered for trade-in of old vehicle] When you [and/or your spouse/partner] [bought/leased] this car or truck, which of the following (if any) did you negotiate with the seller? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Expected length of time keeping vehicle Approximately how long do you [and/or your spouse/partner] expect to keep this vehicle? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Negotiated total price when buying or leasing a vehicle [Total purchase price] When you [and/or your spouse/partner] [bought/leased] this car or truck, which of the following (if any) did you negotiate with the seller? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Negotiated length of auto loan or lease [Length of the auto loan or lease] When you [and/or your spouse/partner] [bought/leased] this car or truck, which of the following (if any) did you negotiate with the seller? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Negotiated upfront payment when buying or leasing a vehicle [Upfront payment due] When you [and/or your spouse/partner] [bought/leased] this car or truck, which of the following (if any) did you negotiate with the seller? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Owns or leases a car or truck Do you [and/or your spouse/and/or your partner] own or lease a car or truck? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Compared prices from different sellers when buying vehicle When you [bought/leased] this vehicle, did you compare prices from different sellers? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Negotiated monthly payment when buying or leasing a vehicle [Monthly payment amount] When you [and/or your spouse/partner] [bought/leased] this car or truck, which of the following (if any) did you negotiate with the seller? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Planned spending on holiday gifts Thinking about the coming holiday season, about how much are you [and/or your spouse/partner] planning to spend on holiday gifts this year? If you do not know the exact amount, an estimate is fine. | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Negotiated auto loan interest rate with the seller [Interest rate on the auto loan (if any)] When you [and/or your spouse/partner] [bought/leased] this car or truck, which of the following (if any) did you negotiate with the seller? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Total purchase price of vehicle Approximately what was the total purchase price of this vehicle? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Bought or leased a car or truck in past year In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/partner] bought or leased a car or truck? | Fed SHED | 2015 | 1 |
| Delayed buying a car because of the recession [Buying a car] What major purchase(s) did you delay? | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Delayed other major purchases because of the recession [Other] What major purchase(s) did you delay? | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Delayed buying a major appliance because of the recession [Buying a major appliance] What major purchase(s) did you delay? | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Delayed major purchases because of the recession Which of the following did you or your family living with you experience since 2008? | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Delayed home improvements because of the recession [Home improvements] What major purchase(s) did you delay? | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Delayed going on vacation because of the recession [Going on vacation] What major purchase(s) did you delay? | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Most important reason for choosing home repair provider G. Most important reason from above | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Whether the seller provided a warranty Did the seller guarantee to pay for some or all unexpected repairs needed for some period after the sale (i.e., did the seller provide a warranty)? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Most important reason for choosing a place to buy H. MOST IMPORTANT REASON FROM ABOVE | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Expecting to negotiate price versus paying posted price When you go to such a sale, and when prices are posted, do you expect to pay the posted price, or do you expect to negotiate for a lower price? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose home repair provider on friend or relative advice B. A friend or relative recommended them. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Relationship to the vehicle seller Which of the following best describes your relationship to the person who sold you the vehicle at the time of the purchase? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Prefer home maintenance from someone known or a stranger D. Home maintenance (e.g., carpentry, painting) | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Whether the seller provided any warranty Did the seller guarantee to pay for some or all unexpected repairs needed for some period after the sale (i.e., did the seller provide a formal or informal warranty)? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Relationship to person who did repair work What was your relationship to the person who did the work, or to his or her boss (whichever relationship is closer)? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Bought a used car from a private seller in past five years Have you purchased a used car from a private individual in the past five years? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Prefer buying furniture from someone known or a stranger A. Bedroom furniture | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Prefer buying a car from someone known or a stranger B. An automobile | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose home repair provider for community reputation D. General reputation in the community. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose seller because of community reputation D. General reputation in the community | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Car was new or used Was the car new or used? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose seller on a friend or relative's recommendation B. A friend or relative recommended them | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Satisfaction with home repair work done How satisfied were you with the work that was done for you? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose seller on an acquaintance's recommendation C. An acquaintance recommended them | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose seller because of convenience G. Convenience | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Whether agency was a new or used car dealership Was the agency a new car dealership or did it only sell used cars? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose seller because of own previous knowledge A. My own previous knowledge of the place | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose home repair provider from own previous knowledge A. My own previous knowledge of the firm or workers. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose seller after seeing its advertisement E. I saw their advertisement | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Satisfaction with a recent purchase How satisfied are you with your purchase? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Prefer buying legal services from someone known or a stranger C. Legal services | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose home repair provider after seeing an ad E. I saw their advertisement. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose seller after searching for the best price F. I searched for the best price | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Relationship to car salesperson or dealership owner Which of the following best describes your relationship to the salesperson from whom you purchased the car or to the owner of the auto dealership. Please indicate what your closest relationship was. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Bought a car from a dealership in past five years Have you purchased a car from a dealership in the past five years? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Bought home maintenance services in past 10 years Have you purchased home maintenance services (painting, roofing, plumbing, or something similar) in the past 10 years? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose home repair provider on acquaintance's advice C. An acquaintance recommended them. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Chose home repair provider by searching for best price F. I searched for the best price. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Prefer buying a house from someone known or a stranger E. A house or condominium | GSS | 1996 | 1 |