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| Question | Source | Years | Waves |
|---|---|---|---|
| Happiness of marriage Would you say that your marriage is very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy? | GSS | 1973–2024 | 34 |
| Ideal number of children for a family What do you think is the ideal number of children for a family to have? | GSS | 1972–2024 | 31 |
| Whether divorce should be easier or harder to obtain A. Should divorce in this country be easier or more difficult to obtain than it is now? | GSS | 1974–2024 | 29 |
| Men better suited emotionally for politics than women A. Tell me if you agree or disagree with this statement: Most men are better suited emotionally for politics than are most women. | GSS | 1974–2024 | 28 |
| Older people living with grown children As you know, many older people share a home with their grown children. Do you think this is generally a good idea or a bad idea? | GSS | 1973–2022 | 28 |
| Working mother can have a warm relationship with children A. A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work. | GSS | 1977–2024 | 24 |
| Better for man to work and woman to tend home D. It is much better for everyone involved if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family. | GSS | 1977–2024 | 24 |
| Preschool child suffers if mother works C. A preschool child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works. | GSS | 1977–2024 | 24 |
| Importance of teaching children to help others 5. To help others when they need help | GSS | 1986–2024 | 23 |
| Importance of teaching children to work hard 4. To work hard | GSS | 1986–2024 | 23 |
| Importance of teaching a child to think for themselves 3. To think for himself or herself | GSS | 1986–2024 | 23 |
| Importance of being popular for a child to learn 2. To be well-liked or popular | GSS | 1986–2024 | 23 |
| Importance of obedience for children • To obey | GSS | 1986–2024 | 23 |
| Approval of spanking to discipline children Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree that it is sometimes necessary to discipline a child with a good, hard spanking? | GSS | 1986–2024 | 22 |
| No impact from childcare being closed Which if any of the following occurred in the last 4 weeks as a result of childcare being closed or unavailable? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2021–2022 | 21 |
| Other impact of childcare being closed Which if any of the following occurred in the last 4 weeks as a result of childcare being closed or unavailable? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2021–2022 | 21 |
| Would vote for a qualified woman for president If your party nominated a woman for President, would you vote for her if she were qualified for the job? | GSS | 1972–2010 | 19 |
| Approval of married women earning money Do you approve or disapprove of a married woman earning money in business or industry if she has a husband capable of supporting her? | GSS | 1972–1998 | 17 |
| Equal role for women scale Where would you place yourself on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) | ANES | 1972–2008 | 16 |
| Women should run homes and leave the country to men Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Women should take care of running their homes and leave running the country up to men. | GSS | 1974–1998 | 16 |
| Number of additional children expected A. How many (more)? | GSS | 1972–1994 | 16 |
| Expects to have more children Do you expect to have any (more) children? | GSS | 1972–1994 | 16 |
| Men's overwork hurts family life C. Family life often suffers because men concentrate too much on their work. | GSS | 1994–2024 | 15 |
| Chance of man losing job to less qualified woman A. What do you think the chances are these days that a man won't get a job or promotion while an equally or less qualified woman gets one instead? Is this very likely, somewhat likely, somewhat unlikely, or very unlikely these days? | GSS | 1996–2024 | 14 |
| More emphasis on traditional family ties would reduce problems (2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?) | ANES | 1986–2024 | 14 |
| Preferential hiring and promotion of women Some people say that because of past discrimination, women should be given preference in hiring and promotion. Others say that such preference in hiring and promotion of women is wrong because it discriminates against men. What about your opinion - are you for or against preferential hiring and promotion of women?
IF FOR:Do you favor preference in hiring and promotion strongly or not strongly?
IF AGAINST:Do you oppose preference in hiring and promotion strongly or not strongly? | GSS | 1996–2024 | 14 |
| Employers should make special efforts to hire women Because of past discrimination, employers should make special efforts to hire and promote qualified women. | GSS | 1996–2024 | 14 |
| Chance of woman losing job to less qualified man B. What do you think the chances are these days that a woman won't get a job or promotion while an equally or less qualified man gets one instead? Is this very likely, somewhat likely, somewhat unlikely, or very unlikely these days? | GSS | 1996–2024 | 13 |
| No result from childcare unavailability Which if any of the following occurred in the last 4 weeks as a result of childcare being closed, unavailable, unaffordable, or because you are concerned about your child's safety in care? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023–2024 | 12 |
| Children unable to attend childcare in last 4 weeks At any time in the last 4 weeks, were any children in the household unable to attend daycare or another childcare arrangement as a result of child care being closed, unavailable, unaffordable, or because you are concerned about your child's safety in care? Please include before school care, after school care, and all other forms of childcare that were unavailable. Select only one answer. | Household Pulse | 2023–2024 | 12 |
| Other result of childcare unavailability Which if any of the following occurred in the last 4 weeks as a result of childcare being closed, unavailable, unaffordable, or because you are concerned about your child's safety in care? Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2023–2024 | 12 |
| Newer lifestyles contribute to breakdown of society (2000,2004: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?) | ANES | 1986–2016 | 12 |
| Relatives who died since respondent turned 16 B. Number of relatives dying since respondent 16 years old and prior to the last five years. | GSS | 1978–1994 | 12 |
| Death of a sibling or sibling-in-law D. Death of sibling or sibling-in-law | GSS | 1978–1994 | 12 |
| Death of a child or child's spouse C. Death of child or child's spouse | GSS | 1978–1994 | 12 |
| Divorces in the last five years Divorces during the last five years. | GSS | 1978–1994 | 12 |
| Relatives who died in the last five years A. Death of relatives during the last five years. | GSS | 1978–1994 | 12 |
| Wife should help husband's career before her own B. It is more important for a wife to help her husband's career than to have one herself. | GSS | 1977–1998 | 11 |
| Feeling thermometer: Feminists Feminists – feeling thermometer | ANES | 1988–2024 | 10 |
| Used relative other than parent for childcare in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Used non-relative caregiver in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Used none of the listed childcare arrangements in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Used childcare or day care center in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Used family day care provider in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Used before care, aftercare, or summer camp in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Used nursery or preschool in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Used Head Start program in last 7 days In the last 7 days, did your household use any of the following individuals or arrangements to look after the children in the household. Select all that apply. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| Paid for childcare in the last 7 days When the children were in these care settings, did you or anyone in the household PAY for childcare? Select only one answer. | Household Pulse | 2022–2023 | 9 |
| President's position on women's equal role Where would you place [president] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) | ANES | 1972–2004 | 9 |
| Child quality: curiosity or good manners (Although there are a number of qualities that people feel that children should have, every person thinks that some are more important than others. I am going to read you pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me which one you think is more important for a child to have:) curiosity or good manners | ANES | 1992–2024 | 8 |
| Child quality: obedience or self-reliance (Although there are a number of qualities that people feel that children should have, every person thinks that some are more important than others. I am going to read you pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me which one you think is more important for a child to have:) obedience or self-reliance | ANES | 1992–2024 | 8 |
| Child quality: considerate or well-behaved (Although there are a number of qualities that people feel that children should have, every person thinks that some are more important than others. I am going to read you pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me which one you think is more important for a child to have:) being considerate or well behaved | ANES | 1992–2024 | 8 |
| Child quality: independence or respect for elders (Although there are a number of qualities that people feel that children should have, every person thinks that some are more important than others. I am going to read you pairs of desirable qualities. For each pair please tell me which one you think is more important for a child to have:) independence or respect for elders | ANES | 1992–2024 | 8 |
| Democratic presidential candidate on women's equal role Where would you place [the Democratic Presidential Candidate] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) | ANES | 1972–2008 | 8 |
| Republican presidential candidate on women's equal role Where would you place [the Republican Presidential Candidate] on this scale? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R) | ANES | 1972–2008 | 8 |
| Number of children expected in the next five years B. How many (more) in the next five years? | GSS | 1972–1983 | 8 |
| Happiness of relationship with partner B. Taking things all together, would you say that your relationship with your partner is very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy? | GSS | 2012–2024 | 7 |
| Feels discriminated against at work because of gender Do you feel in any way discriminated against on your job because of your gender? | GSS | 2002–2022 | 6 |
| Family life suffers when a woman works full-time C. All in all, family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 6 |
| Lives with others because prefers it Prefer living with others - Are each of the following reasons why you live with these individuals? | Fed SHED | 2016–2022 | 6 |
| Children unable to attend childcare during the pandemic Next we are going to ask about the childcare arrangements for children in the household. At any time in the last 4 weeks, were any children in the household unable to attend daycare or another childcare arrangement because of the coronavirus pandemic? Please include before school care, after school care, and all other forms of childcare that were unavailable. Select only one answer. | Household Pulse | 2021 | 6 |
| Neat and clean as a desirable quality in a child 4. That he is neat and clean | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Child quality: being responsible 10. That he is responsible | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Importance of a child being a good student 13. That he is a good student | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Honesty as a desirable quality in a child 3. That he is honest | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Child obeying parents as a desirable quality 9. That he obeys his parents well | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Good sense and sound judgment as a desirable trait in children 5. That he has good sense and sound judgment | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Good manners as a desirable quality in children • That he has good manners | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Child quality: considerate of others 11. That he is considerate of others | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Child quality: self-control 6. That he has self-control | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Importance of a child trying hard to succeed 2. That he tries hard to succeed | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Desirability of a child acting like a boy or girl 7. That he acts like a boy (she acts like a girl) | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Child quality: interested in how and why things happen 12. That he is interested in how and why things happen | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Child quality: gets along with other children 8. That he gets along well with other children | GSS | 1973–1983 | 6 |
| Women's work after youngest child starts school C. After the youngest child starts school. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 5 |
| People who want children should marry F. People who want children ought to get married. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 5 |
| Should women with preschoolers work B. When there is a child under school age. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 5 |
| Living together without marriage is acceptable B. It is alright for a couple to live together without intending to get married. | GSS | 1994–2022 | 5 |
| Lives with others to care for family member or friend To care for family member or friend - You indicated that you live with (your parents, adult chidren who are not in school, you siblings, or) someone outside of your immediate family. Are each of the following reasons why you live with these individuals? | Fed SHED | 2016–2020 | 5 |
| Lives with others to receive help with child care To receive help with child care - You indicated that you live with (your parents, adult chidren who are not in school, you siblings, or) someone outside of your immediate family. Are each of the following reasons why you live with these individuals? | Fed SHED | 2016–2020 | 5 |
| Husband earns money, wife looks after home and family I. A husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family. | GSS | 1988–2018 | 5 |
| Housewife as fulfilling as paid work F. Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 4 |
| Children interfere with parents' freedom C. Having children interferes too much with the freedom of parents. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 4 |
| What most women want is a home and children E. A job is alright, but what most women really want is a home and children. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 4 |
| Ideal number of children for a family All in all, what do you think is the ideal number of children for a family to have? Please just write a number in the box below. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 4 |
| Watching children grow up is life's greatest joy B. Watching children grow up is life's greatest joy. | GSS | 1988–2012 | 4 |
| Married people happier than unmarried people A. Married people are generally happier than unmarried people. | GSS | 1988–2012 | 4 |
| Number of relatives divorced last year A. Number of relatives divorced last year. | GSS | 1978–1984 | 4 |
| Number of relatives divorced in previous four years B. Number of relatives divorced during previous four years. | GSS | 1978–1984 | 4 |
| Provides unpaid care to spouse's or partner's parent Your spouse's or partner's parent - Do you regularly provide unpaid help or care to each of the following people due to aging, disability, or illness? | Fed SHED | 2023–2025 | 3 |
| Provides unpaid care to an adult child An adult child (age 18 or older) - Do you regularly provide unpaid help or care to each of the following people due to aging, disability, or illness? | Fed SHED | 2023–2025 | 3 |
| Who is the primary caretaker of the children at home When it comes to taking care of your children when they are at home, which of the following statements best describes the caretaking responsibilities? | Fed SHED | 2023–2025 | 3 |
| Provides unpaid care to spouse or partner Your spouse or partner- Do you regularly provide unpaid help or care to each of the following people due to aging, disability, or illness? | Fed SHED | 2023–2025 | 3 |
| Provides regular unpaid care to an adult relative or friend Do you regularly provide unpaid help or care to an adult relative or friend who needs assistance due to aging, disability, or illness? | Fed SHED | 2023–2025 | 3 |
| Provides unpaid care to own parent Your parent - Do you regularly provide unpaid help or care to each of the following people due to aging, disability, or illness? | Fed SHED | 2023–2025 | 3 |
| Provides unpaid care to another relative Another relative - Do you regularly provide unpaid help or care to each of the following people due to aging, disability, or illness? | Fed SHED | 2023–2025 | 3 |
| Divorce laws (web, no volunteered response) Should divorce in this country be easier or more difficult to obtain than it is now? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Divorce laws (web, with volunteered response) Should divorce in this country be easier or more difficult to obtain than it is now? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Chance of woman losing job to man (web, no volunteered) What do you think the chances are these days that a woman won't get a job or promotion while an equally or less qualified man gets one instead. Is this very likely, somewhat likely, somewhat unlikely, or very unlikely these days? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Chance of woman losing job to man (web, with volunteered) What do you think the chances are these days that a woman won't get a job or promotion while an equally or less qualified man gets one instead. Is this very likely, somewhat likely, somewhat unlikely, or very unlikely these days | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Men better suited for politics, volunteered option on web Please indicate if you agree or disagree with this statement: Most men are better suited emotionally for politics than are most women. | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Men better suited for politics, no volunteered option on web Please indicate if you agree or disagree with this statement: Most men are better suited emotionally for politics than are most women. | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| How the baby in the household is fed How is the baby in your household fed (in addition to any solid foods the baby may be consuming)? If there is more than one baby, please report on the youngest. | Household Pulse | 2023 | 3 |
| Spouse's weekly hours of household work B. And what about your spouse/partner? On average, how many hours a week does he/she spend on household work, not including childcare or leisure time activities? | GSS | 2002–2022 | 3 |
| Weekly hours spent on household work A. On average, how many hours a week do you personally spend on household work, not including childcare and leisure time activities? | GSS | 2002–2022 | 3 |
| Who does the laundry in the household, spouse or partner A. Does the laundry? | GSS | 2002–2022 | 3 |
| Who shops for groceries in household D. Shops for groceries? | GSS | 2002–2022 | 3 |
| Man's job is earning money, woman's is home and family A. A man's job is to earn money; a woman's job is to look after the home and family. | GSS | 1994–2022 | 3 |
| Who prepares the meals in the household F. Prepares the meals? | GSS | 2002–2022 | 3 |
| Who in household cares for sick family, self or partner C. Cares for sick family members? | GSS | 2002–2022 | 3 |
| Lives with others for another reason [Other] Are each of the following reasons why you live with these individuals? | Fed SHED | 2016–2018 | 3 |
| Hardship from divorce [Divorce] Which of the following did you or your family living with you experience in the past year? | Fed SHED | 2013–2015 | 3 |
| One parent can raise a child as well as two A. One parent can bring up a child as well as two parents together. | GSS | 1994–2012 | 3 |
| Working mothers can have warm bonds with children A. A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work. | GSS | 1988–2012 | 3 |
| Preschool child suffers if mother works B. A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works. | GSS | 1988–2012 | 3 |
| Divorce as best solution to marital problems Divorce is usually the best solution when a couple can't seem to work out their marriage problems. | GSS | 1994–2012 | 3 |
| Desired time spent with family C. Time with your family? | GSS | 1989–2006 | 3 |
| Desired time spent on household work B. Time doing household work? | GSS | 1989–2006 | 3 |
| Couples should live together before marriage C. It's a good idea for a couple who intend to get married to live together first. | GSS | 1994–2002 | 3 |
| Should women work after children leave home D. After the children leave home. | GSS | 1988–2002 | 3 |
| Women's work after marriage, before children A. After marrying and before there are children. | GSS | 1988–2002 | 3 |
| Bad marriage better than no marriage E. It is better to have a bad marriage than no marriage at all. | GSS | 1988–2002 | 3 |
| People without children lead empty lives F. People who have never had children lead empty lives. | GSS | 1988–2002 | 3 |
| Husband and wife should both contribute to income H. Both the husband and the wife should contribute to the household income. | GSS | 1988–1996 | 3 |
| Child quality: being responsible, version Y 10. That a child is responsible | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Good sense and sound judgment as a child trait, version Y 5. That a child has good sense and sound judgment | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Good manners as a desirable quality in children (version Y) • That a child has good manners | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Importance of a child being a good student, version Y 13. That a child is a good student | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Child quality: interested in how things happen (version Y) 12. That a child is interested in how and why things happen | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Child quality: considerate of others (version Y) 11. That a child is considerate of others" | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Child quality: self-control (version Y) 6. That a child has self-control | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Child quality: neat and clean (ranked, Version Y) 4. That a child is neat and clean | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Honesty as a desirable quality in a child, version Y 3. That a child is honest | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Desirability of a child acting like a boy or girl (version Y) 7. That he acts like a boy or she acts like a girl | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Child quality: gets along with others (version Y) 8. That a child gets along well with other children | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Child obeying parents as a desirable quality, version Y 9. That a child obeys his or her parents well | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Importance of a child trying hard to succeed, version Y 2. That a child tries hard to succeed | GSS | 1980–1986 | 3 |
| Equal Rights Amendment approval Do you approve or disapprove of the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution (1978,1980: sometimes called the ERA amendment)? | ANES | 1976–1980 | 3 |
| Used free preschool or Head Start in past week Headstart or another preschool that you don't pay for - In the past week, did you use any of the following forms of unpaid childcare (select all that apply)? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Used unpaid childcare from a friend or neighbor in past week A nonrelative such as a friend or neighbor - In the past week, did you use any of the following forms of unpaid childcare (select all that apply)? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Did not use unpaid childcare in past week Did not use unpaid childcare - In the past week, did you use any of the following forms of unpaid childcare (select all that apply)? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Importance of being married B. Being married. | GSS | 1993–2025 | 2 |
| Used paid childcare in the past week In the past week, did you use any paid childcare? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Hours of paid childcare used in the past week In the past week, how many hours did you use paid childcare? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Used unpaid childcare from child's sibling in past week Child's sibling - In the past week, did you use any of the following forms of unpaid childcare (select all that apply)? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Used other unpaid childcare in past week Other unpaid childcare (please specify) - In the past week, did you use any of the following forms of unpaid childcare (select all that apply)? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Used unpaid childcare from another relative in past week Another relative other than the parent - In the past week, did you use any of the following forms of unpaid childcare (select all that apply)? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Importance of having children C. Having children. | GSS | 1993–2025 | 2 |
| Used unpaid childcare from child's grandparent in past week Child's grandparent - In the past week, did you use any of the following forms of unpaid childcare (select all that apply)? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Weekly hours of unpaid childcare used In the past week, how many hours did you use the unpaid childcare you just mentioned? | Fed SHED | 2024–2025 | 2 |
| Willingness to spend an evening with child's family B. How willing would you be to spend an evening socializing with (John/Mary)'s family? | GSS | 2002–2024 | 2 |
| Willingness to move next door to child's family A. How willing would you be to move next door to (John/Mary)'s family? -- definitely willing, probably willing, probably unwilling, or definitely unwilling? | GSS | 2002–2024 | 2 |
| Whether lack of discipline at home caused person's situation G. In your opinion, how likely is it that (John/Mary)'s situation MIGHT be caused by lacking discipline in the home? | GSS | 2002–2024 | 2 |
| Who does the household cleaning Does the household cleaning? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| How paid parental leave should be divided between parents Still thinking about the same couple, if both are in a similar work situation and are eligible for paid leave, how should this paid leave period be divided between the mother and the father? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Who should pay for preschool childcare costs Who do you think should primarily cover the costs of childcare for children under school age? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Single father can raise children as well as a couple H. A single father can bring up his child as well as a married couple. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 2 |
| Older people living with grown children, no volunteered option As you know, many older people share a home with their grown children. Do you think this is generally a good idea or a bad idea? | GSS | 2021–2022 | 2 |
| Least desirable work and family arrangement with young child And, in your opinion, which of these options would be the least desirable? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Who should provide preschool childcare People have different views on childcare for children under school age. Who do you think should primarily provide childcare? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Spouse's weekly hours looking after family members And on average, how many hours a week does he/she spend looking after family members (e.g. children, elderly, ill or disabled family members)? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Living with family to save money To save money - You indicated that you live with (your parent(s) and/or your adult children who are not in school). Are each of the following reasons why you live with them? | Fed SHED | 2021–2022 | 2 |
| Living with family to provide childcare or medical help To provide help with childcare or medical care - You indicated that you live with (your parent(s) and/or your adult children who are not in school). Are each of the following reasons why you live with them? | Fed SHED | 2021–2022 | 2 |
| Older people living with grown children, volunteered option As you know, many older people share a home with their grown children. Do you think this is generally a good idea or a bad idea? | GSS | 2021–2022 | 2 |
| Weekly hours spent looking after family members A. On average, how many hours a week do you spend looking after family members (e.g. children, elderly, ill or disabled family members)? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Best work and family arrangement with young child Consider a family with a child under school age. What, in your opinion, is the best way for them to organize their family and work life? Should… | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Having children increases social standing E. Having children increases people's social standing in society. | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Living with family to help them financially To help them financially - You indicated that you live with (your parent(s) and/or your adult children who are not in school). Are each of the following reasons why you live with them? | Fed SHED | 2021–2022 | 2 |
| Single mother can raise children as well as a couple G. A single mother can bring up her child as well as a married couple. | GSS | 1988–2022 | 2 |
| Paid leave for new parents Consider a couple who both work full-time and now have a new born child. One of them stops working for some time to care for their child. Do you think there should be paid leave available and, if so, for how long? | GSS | 2012–2022 | 2 |
| Experienced gender discrimination in past year Gender - In the past 12 months, did you personally experience discrimination due to each of the following characteristics? | Fed SHED | 2020–2021 | 2 |
| Importance of being a man or woman for getting ahead L. Being born a man or a woman -- how important is that for getting ahead in life? | GSS | 1987–2021 | 2 |
| Adult children's duty to look after elderly parents A. Adult children have a duty to look after their elderly parents | GSS | 2002–2018 | 2 |
| Fairness of household work sharing with spouse Which of the following best applies to the sharing of household work between you and your spouse/partner? | GSS | 2002–2012 | 2 |
| Who does small household repairs, spouse or partner B. Makes small repairs around the house? | GSS | 2002–2012 | 2 |
| Who makes decisions about raising children Who usually makes/made the decisions about how to bring up your children? | GSS | 2002–2012 | 2 |
| Both spouses should contribute to household income A. Do you agree or disagree ... both the husband and the wife should contribute to the household income. | GSS | 1994–2012 | 2 |
| Separated from spouse or partner in past year 2. Separate from your husband/wife/partner. | GSS | 1991–2004 | 2 |
| Broke up with boyfriend, girlfriend, or fiancé in past year 3. Break up with a steady boyfriend/girlfriend or fiance(e). | GSS | 1991–2004 | 2 |
| Serious trouble with spouse or partner in past year • Have serious trouble with your husband/wife/partner. | GSS | 1991–2004 | 2 |
| Serious trouble with a child in past year 4. Have serious trouble with a child. | GSS | 1991–2004 | 2 |
| Spouse's work after children left home D. And how about after the children left home? | GSS | 1994–2002 | 2 |
| Spouse's work after marriage before children A. After marrying and before you had children? | GSS | 1994–2002 | 2 |
| Spouse's work after youngest child started school C. After the youngest child started school? | GSS | 1994–2002 | 2 |
| Paid maternity leave for working women A. Working women should receive paid maternity leave when they have a baby. | GSS | 1994–2002 | 2 |
| Child care benefits when both parents work B. Families should receive financial benefits for child care when both parents work. | GSS | 1994–2002 | 2 |
| Spouse's work when child was under school age B. And what about when a child was under school age? | GSS | 1994–2002 | 2 |
| Importance of being cooperative or self-reliant TWO, it is more important to be a self-reliant person able to take care of oneself | ANES | 1990–2000 | 2 |
| Has a main romantic involvement Do you have a main romantic involvement - a (man/woman) you think of as a steady, a lover, a partner, or whatever? | GSS | 1996–1998 | 2 |
| Likelihood of marrying current partner How likely is it that you two will get married? Would you say that it is very likely, somewhat likely, somewhat unlikely, or very unlikely? | GSS | 1996–1998 | 2 |
| Responsible for household chores Are you the person who is responsible for doing the general domestic duties - like cleaning, cooking, washing and so on - in your household? | GSS | 1989–1998 | 2 |
| Would like to marry if right person came along If the right person came along, would you like to be married? | GSS | 1996–1998 | 2 |
| Personal freedom more important than marriage companionship B. Personal freedom is more important than the companionship of marriage. | GSS | 1988–1996 | 2 |
| Importance of the women's rights issue to respondent A. How important is the women's rights issue to you--would you say it is one of the most important, important, not very important, or not important at all? | GSS | 1983–1996 | 2 |
| Experienced sexual harassment at work Sometimes at work people find themselves the object of sexual advances, propositions, or unwanted sexual discussions from co-workers or supervisors. The advances sometimes involve physical contact and sometimes just involve sexual conversations. Has this ever happened to you? | GSS | 1994–1996 | 2 |
| Wife may refuse to have children If the husband in a family wants children, but the wife decides that she does not want any children, is it all right for the wife to refuse to have children? | GSS | 1977–1996 | 2 |
| Effect of own sex on promotion opportunities Do you think your being a (man/woman) makes your promotion opportunities better or worse? | GSS | 1991–1996 | 2 |
| Lived with spouse before marriage Did you live with your husband/wife before you got married? | GSS | 1988–1994 | 2 |
| Children should be obedient or think for themselves Which of these would you say is more important in preparing children for life… | GSS | 1993–1994 | 2 |
| Job is the best way for a woman to be independent G. Having a job is the best way for a woman to be an independent person. | GSS | 1988–1994 | 2 |
| Main purpose of marriage is having children D. The main purpose of marriage these days is to have children. | GSS | 1988–1994 | 2 |
| Ever been divorced Were you ever divorced? | GSS | 1988–1994 | 2 |
| Financial security as main advantage of marriage C. The main advantage of marriage is that it gives financial security. | GSS | 1988–1994 | 2 |
| Whether men or women are better suited for politics B. Would you say that most men are better suited emotionally for politics than are most women, that men and women are equally suited, or that women are better suited than men in this area? | GSS | 1974–1982 | 2 |
| Heard or read about the Equal Rights Amendment Have you heard or read about the Equal Rights Amendment? | GSS | 1977–1982 | 2 |
| Understands what the Equal Rights Amendment means A. Do you understand what the Equal Rights Amendment means? | GSS | 1977–1982 | 2 |
| Favor or oppose the Equal Rights Amendment B. Do you strongly favor, somewhat favor, somewhat oppose, or strongly oppose this amendment? | GSS | 1977–1982 | 2 |
| Whether women should stay out of politics ‘Women should stay out of politics’ | ANES | 1952–1972 | 2 |
| Personal ideal number of children, follow-on NOTE: This variable originates on the GSS Next follow-on, and should not be analyzed without the GSS Next-specific weights WTSSPS_NEXT or WTSSNRPS_NEXT | GSS | 2025 | 1 |
| Ideal number of children for a family, follow-on NOTE: This variable originates on the GSS Next follow-on, and should not be analyzed without the GSS Next-specific weights WTSSPS_NEXT or WTSSNRPS_NEXT | GSS | 2025 | 1 |
| Got divorced in the past year Over the past year have you...(Check all that apply) [Divorced] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Had a child in the past year Over the past year have you...(Check all that apply) [Had a child] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Family life suffers when women focus on work Do you agree or disagree? Family life often suffers because women concentrate too much on their work. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| How feminine others see you NOTE: FEMSELF1, FEMSEE1, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 are part of a BALLOT/FORM randomization. On BALLOT=2, all items were asked at the start of the High Risk Behaviors module, and on BALLOT=3, all items were asked at the end. For FORM=1, FEMSELF1 and FEMSEE1 were asked first, and for FORM=2, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 were asked first. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| How masculine you see yourself, 0 to 6 scale NOTE: FEMSELF1, FEMSEE1, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 are part of a BALLOT/FORM randomization. On BALLOT=2, all items were asked at the start of the High Risk Behaviors module, and on BALLOT=3, all items were asked at the end. For FORM=1, FEMSELF1 and FEMSEE1 were asked first, and for FORM=2, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 were asked first. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Women seek power by controlling men Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Women seek to gain power by getting control over men.] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Likelihood a student would spread rumors about classmates How likely in your opinion is it (VIGNAME) would spread rumors about his/her classmates? | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Women are too easily offended Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Women are too easily offended.] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Got married in the past year Over the past year have you...(Check all that apply) [Married] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| How feminine you see yourself, 0 to 6 scale NOTE: FEMSELF1, FEMSEE1, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 are part of a BALLOT/FORM randomization. On BALLOT=2, all items were asked at the start of the High Risk Behaviors module, and on BALLOT=3, all items were asked at the end. For FORM=1, FEMSELF1 and FEMSEE1 were asked first, and for FORM=2, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 were asked first. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| How masculine others see you, 0 to 6 scale NOTE: FEMSELF1, FEMSEE1, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 are part of a BALLOT/FORM randomization. On BALLOT=2, all items were asked at the start of the High Risk Behaviors module, and on BALLOT=3, all items were asked at the end. For FORM=1, FEMSELF1 and FEMSEE1 were asked first, and for FORM=2, MASCSELF1 and MASCSEE1 were asked first. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Weekly hours of paid childcare used Currently, how many hours per week do you use paid childcare? | Fed SHED | 2023 | 1 |
| Who counts as close relatives People may have different perceptions about who they consider to be close relatives. Imagine a person living with a partner and their children. Which of the following options comes closest to who you would consider to be his/her close relatives? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Which parent should provide financially for the family Please consider a family with a father and a mother raising a child who is five years old. In your opinion, which parent should do the following? Who should... ...provide for the family financially? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Got married in the past year Over the past year have you... [Married] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Women versus men responsibility for home and family People have different opinions about how much responsibility women and men should have for the home and family. Which of the following statements comes closest to your opinion? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Number of spouse deaths in recent bereavement NOTE: This variable originates on the GSS Next follow-on, and should not be analyzed without the GSS Next-specific weights WTSSPS_NEXT or WTSSNRPS_NEXT | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Death of a spouse or partner in recent bereavement NOTE: This variable originates on the GSS Next follow-on, and should not be analyzed without the GSS Next-specific weights WTSSPS_NEXT or WTSSNRPS_NEXT | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Importance of close friends versus close relatives While some people think that close relatives should be the most important people in one"s life, others think that it should be close friends who are the most important. Which view is closer to your opinion? Please choose a number on a scale of 1 to 7 whe | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Which parent should listen to and advise the child (In your opinion, which parent should do the following? Who should...) ...take time to listen to and advise the child if he/she has problems? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Which parent should be a role model for the child (In your opinion, which parent should do the following? Who should...) ...try to be a role model for the child? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Couple should offer widowed parent a place to live Consider another couple living with their two children who has enough space in their home for someone to come and stay. The father of one of them recently became a widower. Although he is in good health, he is feeling lonely. In your opinion, do you think | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Had a child in the past year Over the past year have you... [Had a child] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Who plans social and family activities in household (In your household who does the following things...?) Plans and organizes social and family activities? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Which parent should play with the child (In your opinion, which parent should do the following? Who should...) ...play with the child, and take part in his/her leisure activities? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Whether men or women are better suited to be senior executives Please consider the following positions and select the options that come closest to your own opinion.) Senior executive of a large company | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| How masculine you see yourself NOTE: This variable originates on the GSS Next follow-on, and should not be analyzed without the GSS Next-specific weights WTSSPS_NEXT or WTSSNRPS_NEXT | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Which parent should teach the child how to behave (In your opinion, which parent should do the following? Who should...) ...teach the child how to behave? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Fairness of household work sharing with spouse Which of the following best applies to the sharing of household work between you and your spousepartfill? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| How feminine you see yourself NOTE: This variable originates on the GSS Next follow-on, and should not be analyzed without the GSS Next-specific weights WTSSPS_NEXT or WTSSNRPS_NEXT | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Which parent should provide daily child care (In your opinion, which parent should do the following? Who should...) ...take care of the child on a daily basis? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Women seek power by controlling men Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Women seek to gain power by getting control over men.] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Grandparents should help grandchildren financially Consider an elderly couple. One of their grandchildren is in need of temporary financial help because the company he/she worked for closed down recently. Do you think they should, or should not, try their best to help their grandchild financially? Pleas | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Preschool child suffers if mother works, ISSP version (To what extent do you agree or disagree...?) A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works. | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Whether men or women are better suited for cabinet positions People may have different opinions about whether women or men are best suited to serve in certain leadership positions. Please consider the following positions and select the options that come closest to your own opinion. A member of the cabinet in the f | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Got divorced in the past year Over the past year have you... [Divorced] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Couple should offer sibling a place to live People have different opinions about responsibilities towards relatives. Consider a couple living with their two children who has enough space in their home for someone to come and stay. A sibling of one of the couple needs a place to stay for a few mo | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Whether mothers or fathers are better suited to child care People have different opinions about how well mothers and fathers are suited to look after their children. Which of the following statements comes closest to your opinion? | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Men or women better suited to head a university (Please consider the following positions and select the options that come closest to your own opinion.) Head of a university | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Women are too easily offended Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Women are too easily offended.] | CES | 2022 | 1 |
| Working mother can have a warm relationship with children (ISSP) To begin, we have some questions about women. To what extent do you agree or disagree...? A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work. | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Living with family because prefer living with others Prefer living with others - You indicated that you live with (your parents(s) and/or your adult chidren who are not in school). Are each of the following reasons why you live with them? | Fed SHED | 2021 | 1 |
| Living with family to receive childcare or medical help To receive help with childcare or medical care - You indicated that you live with (your parents(s) and/or your adult chidren who are not in school). Are each of the following reasons why you live with them? | Fed SHED | 2021 | 1 |
| Got divorced in the past year Over the past year have you... [Divorced] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Women seek power by controlling men Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Women seek to gain power by getting control over men.] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Got married in the past year Over the past year have you... [Married] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Used grandparent child care before COVID-19 A grandparent who is not living with you - Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, did you regularly use any of the following types of child care: | Fed SHED | 2020 | 1 |
| Require equal pay for women and men Over the past two years, Congress voted on many issues. Do you support each of the following proposals? [Require equal pay for women and men who are doing similar jobs and have similar qualifications.] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Used public preschool or Head Start before COVID-19 Public preschool, Head Start, or Early Head Start - Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, did you regularly use any of the following types of child care: | Fed SHED | 2020 | 1 |
| Used private daycare or preschool before COVID-19 A private daycare, private preschool, or child care center - Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, did you regularly use any of the following types of child care: | Fed SHED | 2020 | 1 |
| Women are too easily offended Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Women are too easily offended.] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Child care access disrupted by COVID-19 Has your access to child care been disrupted since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March? | Fed SHED | 2020 | 1 |
| Used child care from someone outside household before COVID-19 Someone else living outside your household - Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, did you regularly use any of the following types of child care: | Fed SHED | 2020 | 1 |
| Had a child in the past year Over the past year have you... [Had a child] | CES | 2020 | 1 |
| Feminists' demands of men are reasonable you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Feminists are making entirely reasonable demands of men. Do] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Had a child in the past year OVER THE PAST YEAR have you... [Had a child] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Religions as a barrier to gender equality Religions are usually a barrier to equality between women and men. | GSS | 2018 | 1 |
| Got married in the past year OVER THE PAST YEAR have you... [Married] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Whether own religion treats men and women equally In your opinion, does your religion treat men and women equally, treat men better than women, or treat women better than men? | GSS | 2018 | 1 |
| Family pressure about how you live your life In general, do your family members put pressure on you about the way you live or organize your personal life? | GSS | 2018 | 1 |
| Women complain about discrimination when they lose fairly you agree or disagree with the following statements? [When women lose to men in a fair competition, they typically complain about being discriminated against. Do] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Got divorced in the past year OVER THE PAST YEAR have you... [Divorced] | CES | 2018 | 1 |
| Staying in unsatisfying job for family's benefit Have you ever remained or would you remain in a job that was not satisfying for you for the benefit of your family life? | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Experienced a divorce in past 12 months [Divorce] Have you and your family living with you experienced each of the following events in the past 12 months? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Government responsibility to promote gender equality Promote equality between men and women? (Would you say...) | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Giving up job opportunities for family life Have you ever given up or would you give up good job opportunities for the benefit of your family life? | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Death of primary breadwinner in past 12 months [Death of primary breadwinner] Have you and your family living with you experienced each of the following events in the past 12 months? | Fed SHED | 2016 | 1 |
| Older people moving into grown children's homes As you know, many older people move into the homes of their grown children. Do you think this is generally a good idea or a bad idea? | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Grown children moving back in with parents As you know, many grown children move back home to live with their parents. Do you think this is generally a good idea or a bad idea? | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Shared living to care for sick, disabled, or elderly person [To care for sick/disabled/elderly family member or friend] Please select all the reasons below that you (and your immediate family) currently live with your adult children, your or your spouse/partner's parents, your or your spouse/partner's extended family, or roommates? | Fed SHED | 2014 | 1 |
| Shared living to receive help with child care [To receive assistance with child care] Please select all the reasons below that you (and your immediate family) currently live with your adult children, your or your spouse/partner's parents, your or your spouse/partner's extended family, or roommates? | Fed SHED | 2014 | 1 |
| Shared living for other reasons [Other] Please select all the reasons below that you (and your immediate family) currently live with your adult children, your or your spouse/partner's parents, your or your spouse/partner's extended family, or roommates? | Fed SHED | 2014 | 1 |
| Delayed having a child because of the recession [Having a child] What majore life decision(s) did you delay? | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Delayed marriage because of the recession What major life decision(s) did you delay? [Marriage] | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Hardship from having a baby [Had a baby] Which of the following did you or your family living with you exper | Fed SHED | 2013 | 1 |
| Adult children as important help for elderly parents F. Adult children are an important source of help for elderly parents. | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Who has final say on weekend activities When you and your (spouse/partner) make decisions about choosing shared weekend activities, who has the final say? | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Partner's work status after youngest child started school B. After the youngest child started school? | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Work status when child was under school age A. When a child was under school age? | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Children restrict parents' employment and career chances D. Having children restricts the employment and career chances of one or both parents. | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Who should pay for parental leave B. And who should pay for this leave? The government, the employer, both the government and the employer, or other sources? | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Own work status after youngest child started school B. After the youngest child started school? | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Partner's work status when child was under school age A. When a child was under school age? | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Children are a financial burden on parents C. Children are a financial burden on their parents. | GSS | 2012 | 1 |
| Ever legally adopted a child Have you ever legally adopted a child? | GSS | 2008 | 1 |
| Ever had child under 18 living in own care Have any children who at the time were under age 18 ever lived with you under your care and responsibility? | GSS | 2008 | 1 |
| Ever had or fathered a child Have you ever (given birth to (IF FEMALE)/fathered (IF MALE)) a child? | GSS | 2008 | 1 |
| Willing to sacrifice own wishes for loved one C. I am usually willing to sacrifice my own wishes to let the one I love achieve his/hers. | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Obtained a divorce or separation in past year 6. Did you obtain a divorce or separation during the last 12 months, that is since (CURRENT MONTH) 2003? | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Death of a parent in past year 14. Father or Mother | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Death of a spouse in past year 12. Husband or Wife | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Would endure all things for loved one D. I would endure all things for the sake of the one I love. | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Death of a child in past year 13. Child | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Can't be happy unless loved one's happiness comes first B. I cannot be happy unless I place the one I love's happiness before my own. | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Would rather suffer than let loved one suffer A. I would rather suffer myself than let the one I love suffer. | GSS | 2004 | 1 |
| Importance of young adults leaving parents' household No longer living in their parents' household | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| How often spouses disagree about sharing household work How often do you and your spouse/partner disagree about the sharing of household work? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| What most women really want is a home and children E. A job is alright, but what most women really want is a home and children. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Working mother can have a warm bond with children A. A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Expected age for having a child A. By what age should this normally occur? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Likelihood a youth's situation improves on its own I. In your opinion, how likely is it that this youth's/child's situation will improve on its own? Is it very likely, somewhat likely, not very likely, or not at all likely? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Age by which young people should be able to support a family A. By what age should this normally occur? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Who does the household cleaning E. Does the household cleaning? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Family life suffers when a woman works full-time C. All in all, family life suffers when the woman has a full-time job. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Run out of time to finish things at home A. There are so many things to do at home, I often run out of time before I get them all done. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Importance of young adults being financially independent Financially independent from their parents/guardians | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Age by which a young person should marry A. By what age should this normally occur? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Who has final say on buying major household items B. Buying major things for the home | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Preschool child suffers if mother works B. A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Husband and wife should both contribute to income A. Do you agree or disagree ... both the husband and the wife should contribute to the household income. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Men should do more childcare B. Men ought to do a larger share of childcare than they do now. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Men should do more household work A. Men ought to do a larger share of household work than they do now. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Whether women without kids should work outside the home Do you think that women should work outside the home full-time, part-time or not at all, when a couple has not yet had a child? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Housewife as fulfilling as working for pay F. Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Man earns money, woman looks after home and family A. A man's job is to earn money; a woman's job is to look after the home and family. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Importance of marriage for becoming an adult get married | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Who has final say on weekend activities A. Choosing shared weekend activities | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Importance of having a child for adulthood Have a child | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Importance for young adults of being able to support a family Be capable of supporting a family financially | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| A job is the best way for a woman to be independent G. Having a job is the best way for a woman to be an independent person. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Travel time to where mother lives About how long would it take to get to where your mother lives? Think about the time it usually takes door to door. | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Expected age for financial independence from parents A. By what age should this normally occur? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Age by which young people should leave parents' home A. By what age should this normally occur? | GSS | 2002 | 1 |
| Child's view of time spent with respondent, fourth child D. Fourth listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spouse spends with third child C. Third listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Knows what first child does on weekends A. First listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Local church's respect for women's rights B. Respecting the Rights of Women | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Child's view of time spent with respondent, third child C. Third listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Knows what second child does on weekends B. Second listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Child's view of time spent with respondent, second child B. Second listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spent with third child C. Third listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spouse spends with second child B. Second listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Knows what fourth child does on weekends D. Fourth listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Knows what third child does on weekends C. Third listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spent with first child A. First listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spouse spends with fourth child D. Fourth listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spouse spends with first child A. First listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spent with fourth child D. Fourth listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Child's view of time spent with respondent, first child A. First listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Time spent with second child B. Second listed child? | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Children benefit from traditional household roles C. Children | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women's movement effect on full-time homemakers A. Full-time homemaker | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Society leaves women little choice about child care C. The way society is set up, women don't have much choice. How important do you think this reason is for explaining why women are more likely to take care of children? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| No one benefits from traditional family arrangement E. No one | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women's movement effect on professional women C. Women with management or professional jobs | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Family responsibilities as reason women earn less B. Women's family responsibilities keep them from putting as much time and effort into their jobs as men do. How important Do you think this reason is for explaining why women earn less? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Boys' chances for a happy family life And what about boys growing up today? Do you think their chances for a happy family life will be better than yours, about the same, or worse than yours? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Who decides whether to buy bedroom furniture B. Deciding whether or not to buy bedroom furniture. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women benefit from traditional family arrangement B. Women | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Girls' chances for a happy family life Think about girls growing up today: Do you think their chances for a happy family life will be better than yours, about the same, or worse than yours? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Husband can refuse to have children If the wife in a family wants children, but the husband decides that he does not want any children, is it all right for the husband to refuse to have children. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Fairness of household work division C. How fair do you feel the division of work around the house is in your household? Would you say that it is fair to both you and your spouse or partner, unfair to you, or unfair to your spouse or partner? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Children hurt by traditional household roles C. Children | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Whether men benefit from traditional family roles A. Men | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Employers giving men better jobs as reason women earn less C. Employers tend to give men better paying jobs than they give women. How important do you think this reason is for explaining why women earn less? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Men work harder as reason women earn less A. Men work harder on the job than women Do. How important do you think this reason is for explaining why women earn less? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Who decides on major charitable gifts C. Deciding on major charitable gifts. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Preferred spouse relationship: who provides income A. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Share of housework respondent does A. How much of this work do you do? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Who decides whether to buy an automobile A. Deciding whether or not to buy an automobile. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Whether men are hurt by traditional family roles A. Men | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| How much housework the spouse does B. How much does your spouse or partner do? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| No one hurt by traditional family arrangement E. No one | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women caring for children is God's will E. It is God's will that women care for children. How important do you think this reason is for explaining why women are more likely to take care of children? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Attention to news on women's issues When reading, watching, or listening to the news, how often do you pay attention to issues that especially affect women - very often, fairly often, not too often, or never? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Preferred emotional dependence in a relationship C. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Preference for doing things together or separately in a couple B. | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Considers self a feminist Do you think of yourself as a feminist or not? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Men have more freedom to do other things D. Men have more freedom to do other things. How important do you think this reason is for explaining why women are more likely to take care of children? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women's movement effect on men's lives D. Men | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women biologically better suited to child care A. Women are biologically better-suited to care for children. How important do you think this reason is for explaining why women are more likely to take care of children? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Effect of the women's movement on respondent's life F. You, yourself | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Legality of surrogate motherhood Recently, some married couples who are unable to have children have paid women, called "surrogate mothers," to bear a child for them. When the child is born, the couple becomes its adoptive parents and the surrogate mother receives a fee. Do you think that this practice should be permitted or forbidden under the law? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women's movement effect on children's lives E. Children | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women hurt by traditional family arrangement B. Women | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Best way to match birth mothers with adopters As you know, when a parent is unable to care for a baby, the parent often puts the baby up for adoption. For certaIn kinds of babies, the number of couples who want to adopt is much greater than the number of babies available for adoption. What do you think is the best way to match birth mothers with couples who want to adopt? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women's movement effect on working-class women B. Women with working-class jobs | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Everyone is hurt by traditional family roles D. Everyone | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Happiness of romantic relationship Taking things all together, how would you describe your romantic relationship? Would you say that your relationship is very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Success at balancing work and family life How successful do you feel at balancing your paid work and your family life? Do you feel... | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Everyone benefits from traditional family roles D. Everyone | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Women taught from childhood to care for children B. Women are taught from childhood how to care for children. How important do you think this reason is for explaining why women are more likely to take care of children? | GSS | 1996 | 1 |
| Who does small household repairs B. Makes small repairs around the house. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Ever lived with an unmarried partner Did you ever live with a partner you didn't marry? | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Obedience and respect for authority as key child virtues Obedience and respect for authority are the most important virtues children should learn. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Who does the laundry in the household A. Does the laundry. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Married more than once Have you been married more than once? | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Who in household decides what to have for dinner E. Decides what to have for dinner. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Parents should stay together for children despite conflict A. When there are children in the family, parents should stay together even if they don't get along. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Man at home with children while woman works B. It is not good if the man stays at home and cares for the children and the woman goes out to work. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |