Personal finances

Do you think you (and any family living with you) are financially better or worse off these days than you were 12 months ago?

Getting enough food can also be a problem for some people. In the last 7 days, which of these statements best describes the food eaten in your household? Select only one answer.

Please indicate whether the next statement was often true, sometimes true, or never true in the last 7 days for the children living in your household who are under 18 years old. "The children were not eating enough because we just couldn't afford enough food."

In the last 7 days, how difficult has it been for your household to pay for usual household expenses, including but not limited to food, rent or mortgage, car payments, medical expenses, student loans, and so on? Select only one answer.

During the last 7 days, how much money did you and your household spend on food at supermarkets, grocery stores, online, and other places you buy food to prepare and eat at home? Please include purchases made with SNAP or food stamps. Enter dollar amount.

During the last 7 days, how much money did you or your household spend on prepared meals, including eating out, fast food, and carry out or delivered meals? Please include money spent in cafeterias at work or at school or on vending machines. Please do not include money you have already told us about in the previous question. Enter dollar amount.

Why did you not have enough to eat (or not what you wanted to eat)? Choose all that apply. - Couldn't afford to buy more food

Why did you not have enough to eat (or not what you wanted to eat)? Choose all that apply. - Couldn't get out to buy food (for example, didn't have transportation, or had mobility or health problems that prevented you from getting out)

Why did you not have enough to eat (or not what you wanted to eat)? Choose all that apply. - Couldn't get groceries or meals delivered to me

In the last 12 months, how many months did your household keep your home at a temperature that you felt was unsafe or unhealthy?

In the last 12 months, how many months did your household reduce or forego expenses for basic household necessities, such as medicine or food, in order to pay an energy bill?

In the last 12 months, how many times was your household unable to pay an energy bill or unable to pay the full bill amount?

A. We are interested in how people are getting along financially these days. So far as you and your family are concerned, would you say that you are pretty well satisfied with your present financial situation, more or less satisfied, or not satisfied at all?

B. During the last few years, has your financial situation been getting better, worse, or has it stayed the same?

Now looking ahead–do you think that a year from now (1962,1966-1970: you people; 1972,1974: you [and your family]; 1976 AND LATER: you [and your family; 2000 TELEPHONE,2004: living here]) will be better off financially or worse off, or just about the same as now?

Why did you not have enough to eat (or not what you wanted to eat)? Choose all that apply. - Couldn't afford to buy more food

Why did you not have enough to eat (or not what you wanted to eat)? Choose all that apply. - Couldn't get groceries or meals delivered to me

Why did you not have enough to eat (or not what you wanted to eat)? Choose all that apply. - Couldn't get out to buy food (for example, didn't have transportation, or had mobility or health problems that prevented you from getting out)

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Why did you not have enough to eat (or not what you wanted to eat)? Choose all that apply. - The stores didn't have the food I wanted

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Would you say that you (and your family) (2000 FACE-TO-FACE ONLY: living here) are better off, worse off, or just about the same financially as you were a year ago?

Does having to pay for the food children eat at school make it difficult for your household to pay for other expenses?

Getting enough food can also be a problem for some people. Which of these statements best describes the food eaten in your household before March 13, 2020? Select only one answer.

How confident are you that your household will be able to afford the kinds of food you need for the next four weeks? Select only one answer.

We are interested in how people are getting along financially these days. Would you say that [you /you and your family living here] are much better off financially, somewhat better off, about the same, somewhat worse off, or much worse off than you were a year ago?

Overall, which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Derived by opinion-space, not asked directly, following the Federal Reserve's definition: whether the respondent would cover a hypothetical $400 emergency expense exclusively using cash or its equivalent (cash, money in a checking or savings account, or a credit card paid in full at the next statement), from the multiple-response item "Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?" Definition and published series: Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2025 (May 2026), p. 3 (PDF p. 7) and figure 24, p. 46 (PDF p. 50).

Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

By borrowing from a friend or family member - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

During the past 12 months, have you had any unexpected major medical expenses that you had to pay out of pocket because they were not completely paid for by insurance?

By selling something - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Using money from a bank loan or line of credit - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Compared to 12 months ago, would you say that you (and your family) are better off, the same, or worse off financially?

Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement – Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, How would you pay for this expense?

With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the most recent "stimulus payment" on? Select all that apply.

Interest, dividends, or rental income - In the past 12 months, did you (and/or your spouse or partner) receive any income from the following sources:

If you were to lose your main source of income (for example job or government benefits), could you cover you expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, or selling assets?

Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies?

In the past 12 months, which one of the following best describes your (and your spouse’s or partner’s) income?

Because your income varies, have you and your spouse or partner struggled to pay your bills in the past 12 months?

Do you personally, or jointly with a spouse, have any money invested in the stock market right now – either in an individual stock or in a mutual fund?

In the last 7 days, how much did your household pay for all the childcare together?

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

In the past month, would you say that your [and your spouse’s or partner’s] total spending was:

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Did you (and/or your spouse or partner) receive any income from any source in the past 12 months?

Doing okay financially

Would handle $400 expense with cash or equivalent

Total monthly spending - Compared to a year ago, have each of the following [for you and your spouse or partner] increased, decreased, or stayed about the same?

Total monthly income - Compared to a year ago, have each of the following [for you and your spouse or partner] increased, decreased, or stayed about the same?

Currently, how much Infant Formula do you have on hand?

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

Credit card - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

Phone or cable bill - Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

Rent or mortgage - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Car payment - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

Credit card - Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

Car payment - Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

Student loan - Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

Rent or mortgage - Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

Water, gas, or electric bill - Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

Water, gas, or electric bill - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

What did you and your household mostly spend the "Child Tax Credit" portion of your refund on? Select all that apply.

Student loan - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Phone or cable bill - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

The next questions ask about the last 7 days. Please only include experiences that occurred in the last 7 days. In the last 7 days, did you or anyone in your household receive a "stimulus payment," that is a coronavirus related Economic Impact Payment from the Federal Government?

In the last 7 days, if you or anyone in your household received a "stimulus payment," that is a coronavirus related Economic Impact Payment from the Federal Government, did you: Select only one answer.

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Was that payment used mostly to pay for expenses, mostly to pay off debt, or mostly to add to savings?

If you, or anyone in your household, already received, or plan to receive a "stimulus payment," that is the coronavirus related Economic Impact Payment from the Federal Government, did or will you use it: Select only one answer.

How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?

What was the approximate total dollar value of these various payments in that year? NOTE: All responses who give valid answers to EXTRAYR are asked YEARVAL.

Do you provide regular financial support to anyone living outside of your household (such as a parent, child, other relatives, or friends)? This may include cash or help with rent, groceries, education expenses, student loans, car payments, or other expenses.

I am just getting by financially - How well do each of these statements describe you or your situation?

Because of my money situation, I feel like I will never have the things I want in life – How well do each of these statements describe you or your situation?

X11 None selected

I have money left over at the end of the month - How often do each of these statements apply to you?

I am concerned that the money I have or will save won't last - How well do each of these statements apply to you?

My finances control my life - How often do each of these statements apply to you?

Approximately what percent of the company stock that you own today did you buy with your own savings or money from your wages?

Other bills - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Other bills - Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

My adult child - Who outside of your household provides you with regular financial support or helps you with bill payments?

Parent(s) - Who outside of your household provides you with regular financial support or helps you with bill payments?

Other relatives - Who outside of your household provides you with regular financial support or helps you with bill payments?

Friends - Who outside of your household provides you with regular financial support or helps you with bill payments?

Do you currently have any debt from the unexpected major medical expenses that you had in the past 12 months?

[Interest, dividends, or rental income] In the past 12 months, did you [and/or your spouse/parnter] receive any income from the following sources:

[Other (please specify):] Suppose that you have an emergency expenses that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

[Any other income] In the past 12 months, did you [and/or your spouse/partner] receive any income from the following sources:

What was the approximate total dollar value of these various payments in that year?

Please give a general estimate of how much cash you would get if all this stock were sold today?

(IF GONE UP OR FALLEN BEHIND) Has it (gone up/fallen behind) a lot or (gone up/fallen behind) a little?

During the last few years, has your financial situation been getting better, getting worse, or has it stayed the same?

Other than any credit card bills you may have, did you pay all your bills in full last month?

Business or real estate investment (other than your primary residence) - Do you currently have each of the following types of savings or assets?

On a scale from zero to ten, where zero is not at all willing to take risks and ten is very willing to take risks, what number would you be on the scale?

How much do you pay per week for childcare in total for all of your children?

Cash value in a life insurance policy - Do you currently have each of the following types of savings or assets?

In the past month, which of these statements best describes the food eaten in your household?

Financial assistance from friends or family members not living with you - In the past year, have you (and/or your spouse or partner) received each of the following?

Thinking about your experience in the last 7 days, which of the following did you or your household members use to meet your spending needs? Select all that apply.

Thinking of your household's total income, including all the sources of income of all the members who contribute to it, how difficult or easy is it currently for your household to make ends meet?

Money for general expenses or anything else - Do you receive each of the following types of financial support from people living outside of your household?

Help with education expenses or student loans - Do you receive each of the following types of financial support from people living outside of your household?

Help with other bills - Do you receive each of the following types of financial support from people living outside of your household?

Does anyone living outside of your household (such as a parent, child, other rel

Help with car payment - Do you receive each of the following types of financial support from people living outside of your household?

Approximately how much did you pay out of pocket for unexpected major medical expenses in the past 12 months?

[Any other income] In the past 12 months, did you [and/or your spouse / and/or partner] receive any income from the following sources:

[Other (Please specify)] Please indicate whether each of the following is a reason that your income changed from month to month in the past year?

In the past 12 months, would you say that your [and your spouse's/and your partner] total spending was:

[Irregular work schedule (i.e. your work hours change from week to week)] Please indicate whether each of the following is a reason that your income changed from month to month in the past year?

[Seasonal employment] Please indicate whether each of the following is a reason that your income changed from month to month in the past year?

[Investment Income] Please indicate whether each of the following is a reason that your income changed from month to month in the past year?

[Commissions] Please indicate whether each of the following is a reason that your income changed from month to month in the past year?

In the past 12 months, which one of the following best describes how your income changes from month to month, if at all?

[Had a health emergency] Which of the following did you or your family living with you experience in the past year?

During the next 12 months, do you expect your [and your spouse's/partner's] total income to be higher, about the same, or lower than during the past 12 months?

How do you and your spouse/partner organize the income that one or both of you receive? Please choose the option that comes closest.

have more debt - You said that you (and You your family) are somewhat worse off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

The value of assets decreased - You said your that you (and your family) are somewhat worse off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

xpenses are lower - You said that you E (and your family) are somewhat better off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

income - You said that you Higher or new job your family) are somewhat better off and financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

The value of assets increased - You said your that you (and your family) are somewhat better off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

xpenses are higher - Yo u said that you E (and your family) are somewhat worse off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

Medical debt or affording medical care - Are each of the following a financial challenge or concern for you or your family?

income - You said that you(and Lower or job loss your family) are somewhat worse off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

have less debt - You said that you (and You your family) are somewhat better off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

Making ends meet - Are each of the following a financial challenge or concern for you or your family?

A. Being financially secure.

Rent or mortgage - How did you handle each of the following types of bills last month?

Car payment - How did you handle each of the following types of bills last month?

Phone, internet, and cable bills - How did you handle each of the following type of bills last month?

If you do not have enough transportation to meet your needs, which of the following reasons explain why (select all that apply):

Water, gas, and electric bills - How did you handle each of the following types of bills last month?

If the program that helped you pay for home internet ended, did you or will you have to cancel your home internet service because you couldn't afford it?

If you do not have enough transportation to meet your needs, which of the following reasons explain why (select all that apply):

On a scale from zero to ten, where zero is not at all willing to take risks and ten is very willing to take risks, what number would be on the scale?

[Other (please specify):] Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?

[Other (please specify):] Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?

How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?

[My spouse/partner had their work hours and/or pay reduced] Have you experienced financial hardship due to each of the following events in the past 12 months?

[Bonuses] Please indicate whether each of the following is a reason that your income changed from month to month in the past year?

[Other (Please specify):] Which of the following did you or your family living with you experience in the past year?

Over the past year, have you or your family living with you experienced any financial hardship such as a job loss, drop in income, health emergency, divorce, or loss of your home?

[Death of primary breadwinner] Which of the following did you or your family living with you experience in the past year?

[Education (yours or someone else’s)] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

[To leave behind some inheritance or charitable donation] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

[Pay off debts] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

[Just to save] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

[Major appliance, car, or other big purchase (excluding a home)] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

[Taxes] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

[Your children] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

If you were to lose your main source of income (e.g. job, government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, selling assets, or borrowing from friends/family?

[Unexpected expenses] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

[Other] Which of the following categories, if any, are you saving money for?

5. Major worsening of your financial condition.

5. Unable to afford needed medical care.

3. Pawned or sold-off valuables to make ends meet.

2. Car, household appliances, or furniture repossessed.

3. Had your utilities (water, heat, or electricity) shut off.

5. Did not have a car (one month or more).

4. Pressured to pay bills by stores, creditors, or bill collectors.

4. Unable to purchase needed food.

• Went bankrupt (declared personal bankruptcy).

4. Needed, but unable to use, public transportation to get to work, shop, etc.

A mobile phone or computer repair or replacement - Approximately how much did you pay for these unexpected expenses in the past 12 months?

Cut back on other expenses - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Increases in childcare or dependent care expenses - During the past 12 months, have you had any of the following other unexpected major expenses?

Increased income, for example, by working overtime or taking an extra job - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Childcare or other expenses for children - In the past 12 months, has anyone outside of your household helped you (and/or your spouse or partner) to pay each of the following expenses?

A mobile phone or computer repair or replacement - During the past 12 months, have you had any of the following other unexpected major expenses?

A major vehicle repair or replacement- Approximately how much did you pay for these unexpected expenses in the past 12 months?

Legal expenses, taxes, or fines - During the past 12 months, have you had any of the following other unexpected major expenses?

Car payment, insurance, or repairs - In the past 12 months, has anyone outside of your household helped you (and/or your spouse or partner) to pay each of the following expenses?

Unexpected major medical expenses - Approximately how much did you pay for these unexpected expenses in the past 12 months?

Other (please specify) - You said that you (and your family) are (somewhat/much) better off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

Other unexpected expenses - Approximately how much did you pay for these unexpected expenses in the past 12 months?

Increases in childcare or dependent care expenses - Approximately how much did you pay for these unexpected expenses in the past 12 months?

Sold or pawned something - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Borrowed or received money from friends or family - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Other - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Did you have any bills that you had difficulty paying last month?

Prices for things you buy have decreased - (and your family) are You said that you somewhat better off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

A major house or appliance repair - Approximately how much did you pay for these unexpected expenses in the past 12 months?

Another major unexpected expense (please specify) - During the past 12 months, have you had any of the following other unexpected major expenses?

Legal expenses, taxes, or fines - Approximately how much did you pay for these unexpected expenses in the past 12 months?

Paid a bill late - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Medical expenses/debt or health insurance - In the past 12 months, has anyone outside of your household helped you (and/or your spouse or partner) to pay each of the following expenses?

A major house or appliance repair - During the past 12 months, have you had any of the following other unexpected major expenses?

Other (please specify) - You said that you (and your family) are (somewhat/much) worse off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

- Prices for things you buy have increased (and your family) are You said that you s omewhat worse off financially compared to 12 m onths ago. What factor(s) have contributed t o that? Please select all that apply.

Money for general expenses or anything else - In the past 12 months, has anyone outside of your household helped you (and/or your spouse or partner) to pay each of the following expenses?

Education expenses or student loans - In the past 12 months, has anyone outside of your household helped you (and/or your spouse or partner) to pay each of the following expenses?

Used a credit card that I will pay off over time - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Used money from savings or a retirement account - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

A major vehicle repair or replacement - During the past 12 months, have you had any of the following other unexpected major expenses?

Cell phone bill - In the past 12 months, has anyone outside of your household helped you (and/or your spouse or partner) to pay each of the following expenses?

Negotiated a lower payment or more time to pay - In addition to not paying a bill in full, did you do each of the following when you had difficulty paying a bill last month?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Using money from a bank loan or line of credit]

Other (please specify) - You said that you (and your family) are somewhat better off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [By selling something]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Other]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement]

Other (please specify) - You said that you (and your family) are somewhat worse off financially compared to 12 months ago. What factor(s) have contributed to that? Please select all that apply.

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now]

OVER THE PAST YEAR, has your household's annual income...?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [By borrowing from a friend or family member]

(How do you/If you have student loans forgiven, how would you) expect to use the largest portion of any money you save each month from student loan forgiveness?

Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

How do you and your spousepartfill organize the income that one or both of you receive? Please choose the option that comes closest.

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [By selling something]

By borrowing from a friend or family member - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

I wouldn’t be able to pay for the expense right now - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Rent or mortgage - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Car payment - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Please give a general estimate of the total value of all shares of company stock that your company granted to you in 2021 when they were granted to you.

Credit card - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay?

How would a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?

Would handle $500 expense with cash or equivalent

Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

With the money currently in my checking/ savings account or with cash - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Using money from a bank loan or line of credit]

Student loan - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Other bills - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay?

By selling something - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Phone or cable bill - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now]

OVER THE PAST YEAR, has your household's annual income...?

Using money from a bank loan or line of credit - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Compared to 12 months ago, how do you think the financial situation of your household has changed? Would you say the current situation is...

Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement - Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $500. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash]

Thinking about your use of the payments from the "Child Tax Credit" did you:

Please give a general estimate of how much cash you would get if all this stock were sold today.

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [By borrowing from a friend or family member]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft]

NOTE: This variable originates on the GSS Next follow-on, and should not be analyzed without the GSS Next-specific weights WTSSPS_NEXT or WTSSNRPS_NEXT

Water, gas, or electric bill - Which of the following bills would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, if you had a $500 emergency expense that you had to pay?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Other]

During the next 12 months, how difficult or easy do you think it will be for your household to make ends meet?

Saved it - How have you used the monthly Child Tax Credit payments that you received?

Spent on food - How have you used the monthly Child Tax Credit payments that you received?

Spent on enrichment or education for child - How have you used the monthly Child Tax Credit payments that you received?

Spent on other things for child - How have you used the monthly Child Tax Credit payments that you received?

How often do you or other members of your household skip a meal because there is not enough money for food?

How did you use the largest portion of the monthly Child Tax Credit payments that you received?

Spent on other things - How have you used the monthly Child Tax Credit payments that you received?

Compared to two years ago (2019), would you say that you (and your family) are better off, the same, or worse off financially?

Which of the following bills are you unable to pay in full in July? Rent or mortgage

Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?

Since March 2020, have you and/or your spouse/partner either received or applied for each of the following forms of income or assistance, or not? Financial assistance from family members outside your household

Saved at least some of the stimulus payment - Did each of the following contribute to you (and your spouse/partner) usually having more money in your checking and savings accounts after paying your monthly bills?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your curren

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [I wouldn't be able to pay for the expense right now]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [By selling something]

Which of the following bills are you unable to pay in full in July? Other bills

Which of the following bills are you unable to pay in full in July? Credit card

Which of the following bills are you unable to pay in full in July? Student loan

Saved at least some of unemployment income - Did each of the following contribute to you (and your spouse/partner) usually having more money in your checking and savings accounts after paying your monthly bills?

How confident are you that you will be able to pay all of your bills in full in August?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time]

Stimulus payment from the government (typically $1,200 per adult) - In the past 12 months, have you and/or your spouse/partner received any of the following?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Using money from a bank loan or line of credit]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [By borrowing from a friend or family member]

Which of the following bills are you unable to pay in full in July? Phone or cable bill

How confident are you that you will be able to pay all of your bills in full in September?

Which of the following bills are you unable to pay in full in July? Water, gas, or electric bill

Which of the following bills are you unable to pay in full in July? Car payment

Higher income from job or business - Did each of the following contribute to you (and your spouse/partner) usually having more money in your checking and savings accounts after paying your monthly bills?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? With the money currently in my checking/ savings acc ount or with cash

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Other]

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [With the money currently in my checking/savings account or w]

Amount of money usually in your checking and savings accounts after paying your - Compared to a year ago, have each of the following for you (and/or your spouse/partner) increased, decreased, or stayed about the same?

OVER THE PAST YEAR, has your household's annual income…?

How did your income last month (March) compare to your income two months ago (February)?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next]

Other spending was lower - Did each of the following contribute to you (and your spouse/ partner) usually having more money in your checking and savings accounts after paying your monthly bills?

Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? If you would use more than one method to cover this expense, please select all that apply. [Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft]

In the past month, would you say that your [and/or your spouse/parnter] total spending was:

Because your income varies, have you [and/or your spouse/parnter] struggled to pay your bills in the past 23 months?

Would you say that OVER THE PAST YEAR your household’s annual income has...?

[Other paid activities (do not include Ipsos surveys)] In the past 12 months, did you [and/or your spouse/partner] receive any income from the following sources:

[Other [Please specify]] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Paper-based system (e.g., notebook, checkbook register)] Do you use each of the following methods to budget or track your spending?

[Other [Please specify]] Have you experienced financial hardship due to each of the following events in the past 12 months?

[My spouse/partner lost a job] Have you experienced financial hardship due to each of the following events in the past 12 months?

[I lost a job] Have you experienced financial hardship due to each of the following events in the past 12 months?

Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?

[Plan and save for periodic expenses (e.g., insurance, vacation, car repair)] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[Other (Please specify)] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[I had my work hours and/or pay reduced] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[I lost a job] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Spreadsheet] Do you use each of the following methods to budget or track your spending?

[Review paper bank statements and/or bills] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[Pay some bills automatically (so they won’t be late or missed)] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[Track spending] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[Electronic program through my bank] Do you use each of the following methods to budget or track your spending?

[My spouse/partner had their work hours and/or pay reduced] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Follow a budget or spending plan] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[My spouse/partner lost a job] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Automatically set aside long-term savings (e.g., in a college, retirement, or investment account)] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[Sign up for a budget payment plan to make utility or other payments more regular/predictable] People use a variety of methods to manage their finances. Do you use each of the following?

[Non-bank program – e.g., online service (Mint), software (Quicken), or mobile app] Do you use each of the following methods to budget or track your spending?

[Other (Please specify)] Do you use each of the following methods to budget or track your spending?

[Other (Please describe)] In the past 12 months, did you [and your spouse/and your partner] do each of the following to cover spending that exceeded your income?

[Spend out of your savings] In the past 12 months, did you [and your spouse/and your partner] do each of the following to cover spending that exceeded your income?

[Received a foreclosure or eviction notice] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Divorce] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[I had a significant health problem] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Rely on family or friends] In the past 12 months, did you [and your spouse/and your partner] do each of the following to cover spending that exceeded your income?

[A business I owned had financial difficulty] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[My spouse/partner had their work hours and/or pay reduced] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[I had my work hours and/or pay reduced] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[A family member had significant health problem] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Told by landlord that I had to move out] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[My spouse/partner lost a job] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

Do you expect to be able to pay all of your bills in full this month?

(Would you say...)

[I lost a job] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Borrow / take-on debt] In the past 12 months, did you [and your spouse/and your partner] do each of the following to cover spending that exceeded your income?

[Death of primary breadwinner] How much financial strain did each of the events that you experienced cause for you and your family?

[Auto/Car Insurance] Are you currently covered by each of the following types of insurance?

We are interested in how people choose to prioritize payments when money is tight. Suppose that you only had enough money to pay one of the following bills this month. Which would you choose to pay?

In the past year, did you [and your spouse/partner] have any months where you struggled to pay your bills either because your income was unusually low or because your expenses were unusually high?

Besides you [and your spouse/partner] did anyone else in your household receive any income in the past 12 months from any source?

In the past year, which one of the following best describes how your [and your spouse's/partner's] expenses change from month to month, if at all?

[Life Insurance] Are you currently covered by each of the following types of insurance?

[Homeowners or Renters Insurance] Are you currently covered by each of the following types of insurance?

In the past 12 months, about what percent of your [and your spouse's/partner's] total gross income (before taxes and deductions) did you set aside as savings? Please include all types of savings, even those through a pension or 401(k) at work.

[Long Term Care Insurance] Are you currently covered by each of the following types of insurance?

[Funeral Insurance] Are you currently covered by each of the following types of insurance?

Based on your current financial situation, what is the largest emergency expense that you could pay right now using cash or money in your checking/savings account?