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[Party of presidential candidate chosen in last election]
Asked of: Post-election wave respondents who reported voting (odd years: recalled vote in the previous presidential election)
Party of presidential vote in last election · Asked in 18 waves, 2008–2025 · 506,080 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Harmonized across years by the Cumulative CES Common Content (Kuriwaki); response options are collapsed where years differ. See docs/sources/ces.md. "Undervote" is flagged as a non-answer, not a vote choice: in 2025, a recall of the 2024 vote with no turnout question to screen out non-voters, about 28% of answers are Undervote (under 1% in 2024), so in that year it evidently includes people who did not vote.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Democratic | Republican | Third Party | Other | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative Election Study 2025 | 2025-11-05 to 2025-12-12 | web | 17,000 | 16,927 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2024 | 2024-10-01 to 2024-12-09 | web | 60,000 | 43,789 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2023 | 2023-11-08 to 2023-12-11 | web | 24,500 | 18,090 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2022 | 2022-09-29 to 2022-12-15 | web | 60,000 | 44,105 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2021 | 2021-11-03 to 2021-12-07 | web | 25,700 | 21,984 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2020 | 2020-09-29 to 2020-12-14 | web | 61,000 | 45,626 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2019 | 2019-11-06 to 2019-12-05 | web | 18,000 | 13,599 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 | 2018-09-27 to 2018-11-05 | web | 60,000 | 42,956 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2017 | 2017-11-08 to 2017-12-12 | web | 18,200 | 14,449 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2016 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 49% |
| 50% |
| 1% |
| 0% |
| 16927 |
| ±1 |
| AK † | 33% | 63% | 4% | – | 23 | ±22 |
| AL | 37% | 62% | 0% | 0% | 267 | ±8 |
| AR | 54% | 44% | – | 2% | 157 | ±9 |
| AZ | 45% | 55% | 0% | 0% | 419 | ±7 |
| CA | 59% | 39% | 1% | 0% | 1658 | ±4 |
| CO | 53% | 46% | 1% | 0% | 309 | ±8 |
| CT | 64% | 34% | 2% | – | 178 | ±8 |
| DC † | 81% | 13% | 4% | 2% | 44 | ±16 |
| DE | 61% | 38% | 2% | – | 72 | ±13 |
| FL | 44% | 56% | 0% | 0% | 1312 | ±4 |
| GA | 52% | 48% | 0% | 0% | 606 | ±6 |
| HI † | 68% | 30% | 2% | – | 69 | ±15 |
| IA | 43% | 55% | 0% | 1% | 159 | ±9 |
| ID | 24% | 75% | 1% | 1% | 80 | ±13 |
| IL | 53% | 45% | 1% | 0% | 605 | ±6 |
| IN | 39% | 60% | 1% | 0% | 355 | ±7 |
| KS | 49% | 49% | 1% | 1% | 124 | ±11 |
| KY | 32% | 67% | 0% | 1% | 245 | ±7 |
| LA | 42% | 58% | 0% | 0% | 218 | ±8 |
| MA | 62% | 36% | 0% | 1% | 272 | ±8 |
| MD | 66% | 32% | 2% | 1% | 287 | ±8 |
| ME | 49% | 50% | – | 0% | 73 | ±12 |
| MI | 49% | 50% | 1% | 0% | 517 | ±6 |
| MN | 50% | 48% | 1% | 1% | 268 | ±8 |
| MO | 37% | 62% | 1% | 0% | 337 | ±7 |
| MS | 53% | 46% | 1% | 0% | 132 | ±11 |
| MT † | 31% | 69% | – | – | 61 | ±14 |
| NC | 48% | 52% | 0% | 0% | 546 | ±6 |
| ND † | 38% | 51% | 11% | – | 29 | ±19 |
| NE | 42% | 57% | – | 1% | 78 | ±12 |
| NH † | 42% | 57% | 1% | – | 56 | ±14 |
| NJ | 53% | 46% | 1% | 0% | 450 | ±6 |
| NM | 55% | 43% | 1% | 0% | 124 | ±11 |
| NV | 56% | 43% | 1% | 0% | 191 | ±8 |
| NY | 57% | 43% | 0% | 0% | 1152 | ±4 |
| OH | 42% | 58% | 0% | 0% | 605 | ±5 |
| OK | 32% | 67% | 1% | – | 202 | ±9 |
| OR | 54% | 44% | 1% | 1% | 296 | ±7 |
| PA | 48% | 51% | 0% | 0% | 755 | ±5 |
| RI † | 66% | 29% | 3% | 2% | 46 | ±16 |
| SC | 40% | 59% | 0% | – | 276 | ±7 |
| SD † | 22% | 75% | 2% | – | 56 | ±15 |
| TN | 35% | 64% | 0% | 0% | 367 | ±7 |
| TX | 43% | 56% | 1% | 0% | 1459 | ±4 |
| UT | 48% | 49% | 0% | 3% | 136 | ±10 |
| VA | 52% | 47% | 0% | 1% | 419 | ±6 |
| VT † | 54% | 46% | – | – | 22 | ±22 |
| WA | 57% | 41% | 1% | 0% | 352 | ±7 |
| WI | 47% | 53% | 1% | – | 326 | ±7 |
| WV | 24% | 74% | 3% | – | 112 | ±10 |
| WY † | 40% | 60% | – | – | 25 | ±21 |
Cooperative Election Study 2025 · US adults 18+ (YouGov opt-in panels, sample-matched to an ACS frame and weighted). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 2016-09-28 to 2016-11-07 |
| web |
| 64,600 |
| 45,242 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2015 | 2015-11-06 to 2015-12-03 | web | 14,250 | 12,105 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2014 | 2014-10-01 to 2014-11-03 | web | 56,200 | 38,343 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2013 | 2013-11-06 to 2013-12-03 | web | 16,400 | 12,796 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2012 | 2012-10-01 to 2012-11-05 | web | 54,535 | 39,424 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2011 | 2011-11-09 to 2012-01-07 | web | 20,150 | 20,058 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2010 | 2010-10-01 to 2010-11-01 | web | 55,400 | 41,118 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2009 | 2009-11-05 to 2009-12-14 | web | 13,800 | 11,487 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2008 | 2008-10-08 to 2008-11-03 | web | 32,800 | 23,982 |