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2017: In the election for U.S. President, who did you vote for? [If reported voting] 2016: For whom did you vote for President of the United States? [Post-election]
Asked of: Respondents who reported voting for president (asked post-election and in later years)
2016 presidential vote choice · Asked in 8 waves, 2016–2024 · 269,036 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Harmonized across years by the Cumulative CES Common Content (Kuriwaki); response options are collapsed where years differ. See docs/sources/ces.md. "Undervote" is flagged as a non-answer, not a vote choice: in 2025, a recall of the 2024 vote with no turnout question to screen out non-voters, about 28% of answers are Undervote (under 1% in 2024), so in that year it evidently includes people who did not vote.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Hilary Clinton | Donald Trump | Gary Johnson | Evan McMullin | Jill Stein | Other | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative Election Study 2024 | 2024-10-01 to 2024-12-09 | web | 60,000 | 42,658 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2022 | 2022-09-29 to 2022-12-15 | web | 60,000 | 43,224 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2021 | 2021-11-03 to 2021-12-07 | web | 25,700 | 18,502 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2020 | 2020-09-29 to 2020-12-14 | web | 61,000 | 44,885 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2019 | 2019-11-06 to 2019-12-05 | web | 18,000 | 13,599 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 | 2018-09-27 to 2018-11-05 | web | 60,000 | 46,477 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2017 | 2017-11-08 to 2017-12-12 | web | 18,200 | 14,449 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2016 | 2016-09-28 to 2016-11-07 | web | 64,600 | 45,242 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 43% |
| 49% |
| 4% |
| 1% |
| 2% |
| 2% |
| 42658 |
| ±0.7 |
| AK † | 35% | 52% | 10% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 101 | ±19 |
| AL | 30% | 64% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 610 | ±6 |
| AR | 26% | 64% | 7% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 362 | ±8 |
| AZ | 34% | 57% | 3% | 0% | 2% | 3% | 1098 | ±5 |
| CA | 57% | 35% | 4% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 3465 | ±3 |
| CO | 46% | 43% | 6% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 777 | ±5 |
| CT | 52% | 42% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 405 | ±6 |
| DC | 92% | 4% | 3% | – | 1% | 0% | 128 | ±10 |
| DE | 52% | 38% | 1% | 1% | 6% | 2% | 158 | ±11 |
| FL | 43% | 50% | 4% | 0% | 1% | 2% | 3236 | ±3 |
| GA | 38% | 56% | 3% | 0% | 1% | 2% | 1423 | ±4 |
| HI | 66% | 23% | 5% | 1% | 4% | – | 124 | ±11 |
| IA | 37% | 55% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 446 | ±8 |
| ID | 25% | 59% | 4% | 4% | 1% | 7% | 235 | ±12 |
| IL | 51% | 42% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 1701 | ±3 |
| IN | 35% | 58% | 5% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 902 | ±5 |
| KS | 31% | 58% | 8% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 349 | ±8 |
| KY | 29% | 63% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 594 | ±6 |
| LA | 36% | 57% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 493 | ±6 |
| MA | 58% | 32% | 4% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 818 | ±5 |
| MD | 55% | 35% | 4% | 1% | 3% | 2% | 777 | ±5 |
| ME | 44% | 44% | 4% | 0% | 6% | 1% | 217 | ±8 |
| MI | 42% | 50% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 1431 | ±4 |
| MN | 44% | 49% | 3% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 751 | ±6 |
| MO | 32% | 60% | 4% | 0% | 2% | 1% | 984 | ±5 |
| MS | 36% | 60% | 1% | 0% | 3% | 1% | 330 | ±8 |
| MT | 37% | 51% | 5% | 1% | 4% | 2% | 178 | ±9 |
| NC | 40% | 55% | 3% | 0% | 1% | 2% | 1361 | ±4 |
| ND † | 33% | 53% | 7% | – | 4% | 4% | 71 | ±15 |
| NE | 32% | 56% | 8% | 0% | 1% | 4% | 241 | ±9 |
| NH | 53% | 39% | 6% | – | 1% | 2% | 242 | ±8 |
| NJ | 52% | 42% | 3% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 1179 | ±5 |
| NM | 44% | 44% | 11% | – | 1% | 1% | 312 | ±8 |
| NV | 43% | 51% | 4% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 505 | ±8 |
| NY | 54% | 40% | 2% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 2345 | ±3 |
| OH | 38% | 54% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 1756 | ±3 |
| OK | 24% | 67% | 5% | 2% | 0% | 2% | 474 | ±6 |
| OR | 47% | 41% | 5% | 1% | 3% | 4% | 793 | ±5 |
| PA | 42% | 52% | 4% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 2270 | ±3 |
| RI | 57% | 29% | 6% | – | 7% | 1% | 160 | ±10 |
| SC | 36% | 57% | 3% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 704 | ±5 |
| SD | 29% | 58% | 11% | 0% | – | 1% | 126 | ±10 |
| TN | 29% | 63% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 992 | ±5 |
| TX | 39% | 54% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 3087 | ±3 |
| UT | 25% | 51% | 3% | 16% | 1% | 4% | 333 | ±7 |
| VA | 49% | 44% | 4% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1197 | ±4 |
| VT | 57% | 27% | 3% | 2% | 5% | 6% | 101 | ±11 |
| WA | 48% | 42% | 4% | 0% | 2% | 3% | 1046 | ±4 |
| WI | 43% | 50% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 3% | 902 | ±5 |
| WV | 27% | 67% | 3% | – | 1% | 3% | 301 | ±10 |
| WY † | 20% | 70% | 9% | 1% | – | – | 67 | ±15 |
Cooperative Election Study 2024 · US adults 18+ (YouGov opt-in panels, sample-matched to an ACS frame and weighted). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.