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2017: In the election for U.S. President, who did you vote for? [If reported voting] 2016: For whom did you vote for President of the United States? [Post-election]
Asked of: Respondents who reported voting for president (asked post-election and in later years)
2016 presidential vote choice · Asked in 8 waves, 2016–2024 · 269,036 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Harmonized across years by the Cumulative CES Common Content (Kuriwaki); response options are collapsed where years differ. See docs/sources/ces.md. "Undervote" is flagged as a non-answer, not a vote choice: in 2025, a recall of the 2024 vote with no turnout question to screen out non-voters, about 28% of answers are Undervote (under 1% in 2024), so in that year it evidently includes people who did not vote.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Hilary Clinton | Donald Trump | Gary Johnson | Evan McMullin | Jill Stein | Other | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative Election Study 2024 | 2024-10-01 to 2024-12-09 | web | 60,000 | 42,658 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2022 | 2022-09-29 to 2022-12-15 | web | 60,000 | 43,224 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2021 | 2021-11-03 to 2021-12-07 | web | 25,700 | 18,502 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2020 | 2020-09-29 to 2020-12-14 | web | 61,000 | 44,885 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2019 | 2019-11-06 to 2019-12-05 | web | 18,000 | 13,599 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 | 2018-09-27 to 2018-11-05 | web | 60,000 | 46,477 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2017 | 2017-11-08 to 2017-12-12 | web | 18,200 | 14,449 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2016 | 2016-09-28 to 2016-11-07 | web | 64,600 | 45,242 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 43% |
| 49% |
| 4% |
| 1% |
| 2% |
| 2% |
| 42658 |
| ±0.7 |
| White | 37% | 55% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 30320 | ±0.8 |
| Black | 79% | 17% | 1% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 4951 | ±3 |
| Hispanic | 52% | 40% | 3% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 4556 | ±3 |
| Asian | 63% | 30% | 5% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 941 | ±5 |
| Other | 32% | 56% | 5% | 1% | 3% | 4% | 1890 | ±4 |
Cooperative Election Study 2024 · US adults 18+ (YouGov opt-in panels, sample-matched to an ACS frame and weighted). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.