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In general, how would you describe your own political viewpoint?
Asked of: All respondents (years in which the item was asked)
Ideology, five-point self-placement · Asked in 20 waves, 2006–2025 · 717,053 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Harmonized across years by the Cumulative CES Common Content (Kuriwaki); response options are collapsed where years differ. See docs/sources/ces.md.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Very Liberal | Liberal | Moderate | Conservative | Very Conservative | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative Election Study 2025 | 2025-11-05 to 2025-12-12 | web | 17,000 | 16,997 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2024 | 2024-10-01 to 2024-12-09 | web | 60,000 | 59,987 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2023 | 2023-11-08 to 2023-12-11 | web | 24,500 | 24,493 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2022 | 2022-09-29 to 2022-12-15 | web | 60,000 | 59,960 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2021 | 2021-11-03 to 2021-12-07 | web | 25,700 | 25,675 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2020 | 2020-09-29 to 2020-12-14 | web | 61,000 | 60,960 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2019 | 2019-11-06 to 2019-12-05 | web | 18,000 | 18,000 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 | 2018-09-27 to 2018-11-05 | web | 60,000 | 59,581 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2017 | 2017-11-08 to 2017-12-12 | web | 18,200 | 18,186 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2016 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 12% |
| 17% |
| 35% |
| 22% |
| 13% |
| 59987 |
| ±0.7 |
| AK † | 7% | 18% | 37% | 30% | 8% | 128 | ±15 |
| AL | 7% | 16% | 33% | 26% | 18% | 901 | ±6 |
| AR | 13% | 8% | 30% | 26% | 24% | 532 | ±7 |
| AZ | 11% | 17% | 33% | 25% | 15% | 1495 | ±5 |
| CA | 13% | 23% | 38% | 18% | 8% | 4899 | ±2 |
| CO | 13% | 20% | 32% | 22% | 13% | 1055 | ±5 |
| CT | 15% | 19% | 41% | 15% | 11% | 594 | ±6 |
| DC | 30% | 29% | 33% | 5% | 2% | 170 | ±10 |
| DE | 13% | 16% | 52% | 13% | 6% | 218 | ±9 |
| FL | 10% | 16% | 37% | 24% | 14% | 4399 | ±3 |
| GA | 10% | 16% | 37% | 22% | 15% | 2055 | ±4 |
| HI | 16% | 14% | 52% | 11% | 7% | 183 | ±10 |
| IA | 7% | 16% | 37% | 25% | 14% | 615 | ±8 |
| ID | 8% | 12% | 24% | 38% | 19% | 313 | ±11 |
| IL | 14% | 22% | 35% | 19% | 10% | 2319 | ±4 |
| IN | 9% | 12% | 35% | 27% | 18% | 1267 | ±5 |
| KS | 9% | 13% | 37% | 26% | 16% | 502 | ±7 |
| KY | 11% | 16% | 28% | 26% | 20% | 887 | ±5 |
| LA | 12% | 11% | 31% | 27% | 19% | 709 | ±6 |
| MA | 19% | 23% | 36% | 17% | 5% | 1118 | ±5 |
| MD | 15% | 22% | 43% | 13% | 8% | 1068 | ±5 |
| ME | 16% | 20% | 34% | 18% | 11% | 287 | ±7 |
| MI | 13% | 17% | 36% | 21% | 13% | 1951 | ±4 |
| MN | 15% | 19% | 32% | 21% | 13% | 1016 | ±5 |
| MO | 11% | 15% | 27% | 31% | 17% | 1323 | ±5 |
| MS | 11% | 14% | 31% | 26% | 18% | 503 | ±7 |
| MT | 8% | 15% | 34% | 18% | 26% | 231 | ±9 |
| NC | 9% | 15% | 32% | 25% | 18% | 1913 | ±4 |
| ND | 3% | 12% | 43% | 36% | 6% | 114 | ±11 |
| NE | 9% | 13% | 35% | 24% | 20% | 353 | ±9 |
| NH | 19% | 19% | 39% | 14% | 9% | 298 | ±7 |
| NJ | 12% | 23% | 34% | 22% | 9% | 1604 | ±4 |
| NM | 7% | 20% | 44% | 17% | 12% | 422 | ±8 |
| NV | 11% | 18% | 37% | 22% | 12% | 739 | ±7 |
| NY | 15% | 21% | 39% | 17% | 8% | 3453 | ±3 |
| OH | 8% | 16% | 38% | 22% | 16% | 2562 | ±3 |
| OK | 8% | 15% | 26% | 28% | 24% | 700 | ±6 |
| OR | 21% | 19% | 30% | 17% | 13% | 1009 | ±5 |
| PA | 11% | 17% | 34% | 24% | 14% | 3040 | ±3 |
| RI | 17% | 24% | 40% | 15% | 4% | 212 | ±8 |
| SC | 10% | 14% | 33% | 24% | 18% | 992 | ±6 |
| SD | 7% | 9% | 33% | 29% | 22% | 173 | ±9 |
| TN | 7% | 11% | 32% | 29% | 21% | 1371 | ±5 |
| TX | 9% | 16% | 36% | 25% | 14% | 4815 | ±2 |
| UT | 8% | 13% | 33% | 31% | 15% | 507 | ±7 |
| VA | 12% | 19% | 38% | 17% | 13% | 1611 | ±4 |
| VT | 27% | 15% | 40% | 10% | 9% | 124 | ±12 |
| WA | 16% | 20% | 37% | 16% | 11% | 1380 | ±4 |
| WI | 11% | 17% | 36% | 25% | 11% | 1334 | ±5 |
| WV | 12% | 9% | 32% | 32% | 15% | 428 | ±10 |
| WY † | 5% | 9% | 39% | 33% | 13% | 95 | ±14 |
Cooperative Election Study 2024 · US adults 18+ (YouGov opt-in panels, sample-matched to an ACS frame and weighted). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 2016-09-28 to 2016-11-07 |
| web |
| 64,600 |
| 64,563 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2015 | 2015-11-06 to 2015-12-03 | web | 14,250 | 14,246 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2014 | 2014-10-01 to 2014-11-03 | web | 56,200 | 56,151 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2013 | 2013-11-06 to 2013-12-03 | web | 16,400 | 16,384 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2012 | 2012-10-01 to 2012-11-05 | web | 54,535 | 54,466 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2011 | 2011-11-09 to 2012-01-07 | web | 20,150 | 20,150 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2010 | 2010-10-01 to 2010-11-01 | web | 55,400 | 55,370 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2009 | 2009-11-05 to 2009-12-14 | web | 13,800 | 13,800 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2008 | 2008-10-08 to 2008-11-03 | web | 32,800 | 32,800 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2007 | 2007-11-09 to 2007-12-10 | web | 9,999 | 9,971 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2006 | 2006-10-07 to 2006-11-08 | web | 36,421 | 35,313 |