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you agree or disagree with the following statements? [Generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions that make it difficult for blacks to work their way out of the lower class. How much do]
Asked of: Post-election wave respondents
Slavery and discrimination make it hard for blacks to advance · Asked in 1 wave, 2018 · 51,698 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Post-election wave item: weight with extra.weight_post (commonpostweight). Wording from the year's CES guide.
| Group | Strongly agree | Somewhat agree | Neither agree nor disagree | Somewhat disagree | Strongly disagree | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 22% | 22% | 14% | 18% | 24% | 51698 | ±0.6 | |
| AK † |
Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 · US adults 18+ (YouGov opt-in panels, sample-matched to an ACS frame and weighted). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 | 2018-09-27 to 2018-11-05 | web | 60,000 | 51,698 |
| 20% |
| 9% |
| 16% |
| 23% |
| 32% |
| 90 |
| ±17 |
| AL | 20% | 16% | 13% | 18% | 33% | 789 | ±5 |
| AR | 18% | 20% | 11% | 21% | 29% | 439 | ±7 |
| AZ | 21% | 18% | 13% | 21% | 26% | 1387 | ±4 |
| CA | 28% | 27% | 15% | 15% | 16% | 4505 | ±2 |
| CO | 24% | 19% | 13% | 18% | 26% | 892 | ±4 |
| CT | 25% | 27% | 13% | 14% | 20% | 567 | ±5 |
| DC † | 51% | 20% | 13% | 7% | 9% | 113 | ±16 |
| DE | 29% | 17% | 8% | 20% | 25% | 194 | ±10 |
| FL | 19% | 20% | 15% | 19% | 27% | 3848 | ±2 |
| GA | 23% | 21% | 13% | 17% | 26% | 1617 | ±4 |
| HI | 25% | 30% | 19% | 18% | 8% | 176 | ±13 |
| IA | 14% | 23% | 15% | 24% | 25% | 498 | ±6 |
| ID | 11% | 21% | 14% | 20% | 34% | 290 | ±7 |
| IL | 23% | 23% | 16% | 16% | 22% | 2111 | ±3 |
| IN | 18% | 19% | 12% | 22% | 29% | 1205 | ±4 |
| KS | 21% | 21% | 14% | 17% | 28% | 403 | ±6 |
| KY | 14% | 20% | 13% | 19% | 34% | 778 | ±5 |
| LA | 25% | 14% | 13% | 16% | 32% | 596 | ±6 |
| MA | 29% | 24% | 14% | 15% | 18% | 1038 | ±4 |
| MD | 31% | 23% | 13% | 14% | 19% | 916 | ±4 |
| ME | 16% | 25% | 20% | 20% | 18% | 282 | ±8 |
| MI | 21% | 21% | 13% | 21% | 25% | 1635 | ±3 |
| MN | 22% | 25% | 15% | 15% | 23% | 861 | ±5 |
| MO | 19% | 19% | 13% | 18% | 31% | 1312 | ±4 |
| MS | 20% | 18% | 13% | 16% | 34% | 375 | ±8 |
| MT | 15% | 27% | 10% | 15% | 32% | 233 | ±9 |
| NC | 22% | 21% | 13% | 17% | 27% | 1586 | ±3 |
| ND † | 13% | 28% | 11% | 25% | 23% | 140 | ±14 |
| NE | 21% | 21% | 13% | 20% | 26% | 301 | ±7 |
| NH | 23% | 21% | 16% | 19% | 22% | 268 | ±8 |
| NJ | 25% | 28% | 13% | 16% | 19% | 1338 | ±4 |
| NM | 24% | 23% | 19% | 13% | 21% | 347 | ±8 |
| NV | 22% | 23% | 11% | 21% | 24% | 573 | ±6 |
| NY | 28% | 25% | 13% | 14% | 20% | 2939 | ±3 |
| OH | 21% | 20% | 14% | 20% | 26% | 2187 | ±3 |
| OK | 18% | 18% | 14% | 19% | 32% | 523 | ±6 |
| OR | 28% | 23% | 13% | 18% | 18% | 827 | ±4 |
| PA | 19% | 22% | 14% | 21% | 24% | 2741 | ±2 |
| RI | 25% | 21% | 16% | 17% | 20% | 156 | ±13 |
| SC | 19% | 18% | 17% | 17% | 28% | 787 | ±5 |
| SD | 7% | 31% | 11% | 26% | 25% | 139 | ±12 |
| TN | 15% | 21% | 13% | 18% | 32% | 1126 | ±4 |
| TX | 20% | 22% | 13% | 18% | 26% | 3672 | ±3 |
| UT | 20% | 25% | 15% | 17% | 23% | 526 | ±6 |
| VA | 26% | 23% | 12% | 16% | 23% | 1530 | ±4 |
| VT | 27% | 29% | 10% | 21% | 13% | 118 | ±13 |
| WA | 25% | 26% | 13% | 17% | 20% | 1196 | ±4 |
| WI | 19% | 23% | 13% | 20% | 26% | 1056 | ±4 |
| WV | 15% | 18% | 16% | 19% | 33% | 381 | ±7 |
| WY | 10% | 23% | 9% | 20% | 38% | 91 | ±13 |