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(ASKED OF Rs WHO VOTED): How about the election for president? Did you vote for a candidate for president? (IF YES) Who did you vote for? Would you say that your preference for this candidate was strong or not strong?
Strength of preference for presidential candidate among voters · Asked in 11 waves, 1980–2020 · 28,679 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 9 in 1984. NA code treated as not asked where it exceeds 10% of a year's answers (an unlabeled split or filter): 9 in 2012. Kept and flagged: 0 (other_missing), 8 (dk), 9 (no_answer). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: This is a follow-up to VCF0704-VCF0706. 1980 NOTE: Some Rs who refused to identify who they voted for or who DK/NA who voted gave valid code responses. 1984 NOTE: same as 1980.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Strong | Not strong | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 84% | 16% | 7492 | ±2 | |
| Lower income |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V201030, V202074. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 7,492 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V162066x,V162035. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 3,648 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study Source variable: prevote_presstr, postvote_presstr. | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 3,918 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,102 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V045026. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,066 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V001250. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,555 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study Source variable: V961083. | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,534 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 87% |
| 13% |
| 2538 |
| ±3 |
| Middle income | 86% | 14% | 2416 | ±3 |
| Upper income | 81% | 19% | 2330 | ±3 |
ANES 2020 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 |
| mixed |
| 2,485 |
| 2,255 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880764. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 1,775 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840789. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 1,926 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800995. | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,408 |