1958,1964,1966: Do you happen to know if (either/the) candidate is already in Congress? (IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which {candidate} was that? 1968: Do you happen to know if (either one of these candidates/if he) is already in Congress? (IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which one? 1978 AND LATER: Do you happen to know if [candidate in district where only 1 candidate ran] / either [first candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] or [second candidate in district where 2 candidates ran] was already in the U.S. House of Representatives before the election? (IF YES AND 2 MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT:) Which {candidate} was that?
Correct on which House candidate was the incumbent · Asked in 16 waves, 1958–2000 · 25,575 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 9 in 1984, 1992. Kept and flagged: 9 (other_missing). Codebook notes: See VCF0977. GENERAL NOTE: If no incumbent was running in R’s district and R replied ‘yes’ (1 or 2 major party candidates), then 2 has been coded. If an incumbent was running unopposed in R’s district and R answered ‘yes,’ then 1 has been coded. If an incumbent was running with major party opposition in R’s district and R answered ‘yes,’ then R has been coded according to whether R correctly identified WHICH candidate was the incumbent. If R responded that ‘both’ candidates were incumbents but R did not live in one of the districts where two ‘incumbents’ were actually running (due to redistricting), then R’s response has been considered ‘incorrect’. If, however, there actually were two ‘incumbents’ in R’s congressional district, then an answer of ‘both’ OR an answer of either of the two incumbents’ names has been considered ‘correct’. 2000 DATA: 1 case where respondent’s district was NA and 3 cases where respondent district was misidentified have been coded 9.
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V000194,V001353b,V001354. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,555 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study Source variable: V980299,V980301. | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 | mixed | 1,281 | 1,281 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study Source variable: V961068,V961070. | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,534 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V940432,V940435. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V925436,V925439. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 1,439 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900232,V900235. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,980 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880709,V880712. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 1,775 |
Shares of everyone asked, counting don't know, refused, and no answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
Shares of everyone asked, counting don't know, refused, and no answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| Group | CORRECT: correct incumbency status; correct candidate [districts w/incumbents running with major party opposition] | INCORRECT: incorrect incumbency status; incorrect candidate [districts w/incumbents running with major party opposition] | DK if incumbent; DK which is incumbent; NA if incumbent; NA which is incumbent; no major party candidate running; abbrev. telephone IW (1984); Washington D.C.; short form (1992) | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 53% | 5% | 42% | 1555 | ±3 | |
| Northeast | 63% | 2% | 35% | 270 | ±7 | |
| Midwest | 57% | 4% | 39% | 392 | ±5 | |
| South | 48% | 6% | 46% | 558 | ±5 | |
| West | 48% | 8% | 44% | 335 | ±6 |
ANES 2000 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ living in households in the contiguous 48 states. Shares of everyone asked, counting don't know, refused, and no answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860213,V860216. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840929,V840932. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 1,371 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study Source variable: V820172. | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,418 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800913. | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,408 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V780180,V780181. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,304 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study Source variable: V680385. | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,348 |
| ANES 1966 Time Series Study Source variable: V660094. | 1966-11-08 to 1967-02-01 | face to face | 1,291 | 1,291 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study Source variable: V640312. | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,450 |
| ANES 1958 Time Series Study Source variable: V580097. | 1958-11-05 to 1958-12-25 | face to face | 1,450 | 1,450 |