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Contact with running incumbent? (YES/NO)
Any contact with House incumbent running · Asked in 9 waves, 1978–1994 · 14,395 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
NA code treated as not asked where it exceeds 10% of a year's answers (an unlabeled split or filter): 0 in 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1994. Kept and flagged: 0 (no_answer). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: This var collapses VCF0946.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Yes, contact | No, no contact | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 75% | 25% | 1501 | ±3 | |
| Less than high school |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,501 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 1,593 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,980 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 1,665 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 892 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,259 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,302 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,027 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 55% |
| 45% |
| 232 |
| ±7 |
| High school | 74% | 26% | 465 | ±5 |
| Some college | 81% | 19% | 381 | ±6 |
| Bachelor's | 85% | 15% | 272 | ±6 |
| Postgraduate | 88% | 12% | 117 | ±10 |
ANES 1994 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ living in households in the contiguous 48 states. Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.