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Which ones? RESPONDENT HEARD [challenger] ON THE RADIO
Heard House challenger on the radio · Asked in 9 waves, 1978–1994 · 3,998 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped as not asked: 0 'Incumbent candidate unopposed or not running; no contact; only contact mentioned is an unspecified ‘other’; challenger not in major party'; 9 'NA if contact made (9 in VCF0919); NA VCF0920-926; Washington D.C.; telephone IW (1984); short form IW (1992)'. Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: See VCF0919.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Yes | No | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 32% | 68% | 537 | ±5 | |
| 18–29 | 37% | 63% | 87 | ±12 | |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V940508,V940519. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 537 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V925508,V925519. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 601 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900255. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 288 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880732. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 408 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860237. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 483 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840952. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 279 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study Source variable: V820192,V820219,V820229. | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 452 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 30–44 |
| 35% |
| 65% |
| 225 |
| ±7 |
| 45–64 | 31% | 69% | 128 | ±9 |
| 65+ | 22% | 78% | 97 | ±11 |
ANES 1994 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ living in households in the contiguous 48 states. Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800935. |
| 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 |
| face to face |
| 1,614 |
| 392 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V782049. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 558 |