We hear a lot of talk these days about liberals and conservatives. I’m going to show you [1996-LATER: Here is] a 7-point scale on which the political views that people might hold are arranged from extremely liberal to extremely conservative. Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R).
(IF R RESPONDS ‘DON’T KNOW’ OR ‘HAVEN’T THOUGHT MUCH ABOUT THIS’In 1984 AND LATER; IF R RESPONDS ’MODERATE’ IN 1988, 1992, 1996-LATER:)
If you had to choose, would you consider yourself a liberal or a conservative?
Do you consider yourself liberal, moderate, or conservative?
Liberal-conservative self-placement, collapsed · Asked in 15 waves, 1984–2020 · 39,944 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
The 'moderate' share depends on the instrument: moderates on the 7-point scale were pushed to choose a side in 1988, 1992, and 1996 on but not in 1984, 1986, or 1990, and how often 'moderate' was accepted when volunteered varies by year and mode (1% or less in 2002 and 2020, 25% to 32% in 2008-2016). Compare liberal vs. conservative, or use VCF0803.
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 0 in 2000. NA code treated as not asked where it exceeds 10% of a year's answers (an unlabeled split or filter): 9 in 2000. Kept and flagged: 0 (no_answer), 9 (no_answer).
Codebook notes: See also VCF0803 and VCF0824.
GENERAL NOTE:
This is the final 3-cateogry summary for years 1984 and later,
constructed using the initial 7-point scale question (VCF0803) and the
follow-up ‘choice’ question (VCF0824), which was asked of respondents
who had replied ‘don’t know’ or ‘haven’t thought much’ to the 7-point
scale question and, except for years 1984, 1986, AND 1990, also asked
of respondents who had answered ‘moderate’.
If R’s response to the 7-point scale question was NA, then the follow-
up question (‘if you had to choose…’) was not asked and VCF0849 has
been coded 9. If DK/HTM in first question and the response to the
follow-up was ‘don’t know,’ VCF0849 has been coded 8. If R refused to
choose in the follow-up, VCF0848 has been coded 7.
Code 1 is comprised of ‘extremely liberal,’ ‘liberal,’ and ‘slightly
liberal’ responses to the 7-point scale question (codes 1-3 in VCF0803)
and of ‘liberal’ responses to the follow-up.
Code 3 for 1984,1986,1990 is comprised of Rs who replied ‘moderate’ to
the 7-point scale question (code 4 in VCF0803, with the follow-up not
asked) and also of Rs who replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much’ to the
7-point scale question and who then replied ‘moderate’ to the follow-up.
For 1988, 1992, 1996 and later, code 3 is comprised of: 1) cases where
R replied ‘moderate’ to the 7-point scale question and then refused to
choose another category or replied DK/NA to the follow-up; and 2) Rs
who replied DK or ‘haven’t thought much’ to the 7-point scale question
and then replied ‘moderate’ in the follow-up.
Code 5 is comprised of ‘extremely conservative,’ conservative,’ and
‘slightly conservative’ responses to the 7-point scale question (codes
5-7 in VCF0803) and of ‘conservative’ responses in the follow-up.
2000 NOTE:
This variable represents 7-point scale follow-up data from interviews
conducted using both modes; approximately half of the 2000 Study
respondents (both modes) were randomly selected for administration of a
branching series and are excluded here.
LiberalModerate (‘middle of the road’)ConservativeRefuses to choose (in follow-up [exc. 1988 moderates]), don’t know
Group
Liberal
Moderate (‘middle of the road’)
Conservative
Refuses to choose (in follow-up [exc. 1988 moderates]), don’t know
n
MoE
All respondents
Answers as the source codes them
LiberalModerate (‘middle of the road’)ConservativeRefuses to choose (in follow-up [exc. 1988 moderates]), don’t knowNA to follow-up; R not administered 7pt scale series (2000) (non-answer)NA to entire question (non-answer)
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
Black
Hispanic
Asian
Other
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
44%
0%
54%
2%
8280
±1
White
40%
0%
59%
2%
5963
±2
Black
57%
0%
40%
2%
726
±5
Hispanic
50%
0%
48%
2%
762
±5
Asian
58%
0%
42%
1%
284
±8
Other
51%
–
47%
3%
443
±6
ANES 2020 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.