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External efficacy index, 100-pt scale
External political efficacy index · Asked in 27 waves, 1952–2020 · 53,531 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Not loaded for 1986: the index is built from VCF0609 and VCF0613, and VCF0613 was not asked in 1986, so the 1986 'index' is VCF0609 alone. See VCF0609 for 1986. From 1988 both components offer 'neither agree nor disagree' (codebook), so the index can take 25 and 75 and fewer people sit at 0 or 100; compare 1984 and earlier with 1988 and later with care. Dropped as not asked: 999 'Not scored in both VCF0609 and VCF0613'. Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: Built from VCF0609 AND VCF0613. Component vars are first recoded as follows: VCF0609,VCF0613: 1=0,2=100,3=50. The recoded values are then totaled and divided by the number of valid responses. The result is then rounded.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Least efficacious | 25 |
|---|
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 7,419 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 3,638 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 3,012 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 1,041 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,066 |
| ANES 2002 Time Series Study | 2002-09-18 to 2002-12-06 | phone | 1,511 | 1,345 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,551 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 | mixed | 1,281 | 1,276 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,712 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| 50 |
|---|
| 75 |
|---|
| Most efficacious |
|---|
| n |
|---|
| MoE |
|---|
| All respondents | 53% | 9% | 20% | 6% | 12% | 7419 | ±2 | |
| Less than high school | 52% | 12% | 22% | 8% | 6% | 310 | ±7 | |
| High school | 61% | 8% | 18% | 5% | 8% | 1702 | ±3 | |
| Some college | 56% | 9% | 20% | 5% | 10% | 1949 | ±3 | |
| Bachelor's | 48% | 10% | 21% | 6% | 15% | 1874 | ±3 | |
| Postgraduate | 41% | 8% | 21% | 7% | 24% | 1468 | ±3 |
ANES 2020 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 |
| mixed |
| 1,795 |
| 1,763 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,242 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,957 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 1,764 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 2,234 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,384 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,393 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,272 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 1,886 |
| ANES 1974 Time Series Study | 1974-11-06 to 1975-01-31 | face to face | 1,575 | 1,562 |
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study | 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 | face to face | 2,705 | 2,688 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,502 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,340 |
| ANES 1966 Time Series Study | 1966-11-08 to 1967-02-01 | face to face | 1,291 | 1,264 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,559 |
| ANES 1960 Time Series Study | 1960-09-12 to 1960-12-26 | face to face | 1,181 | 1,155 |
| ANES 1956 Time Series Study | 1956-09-17 to 1957-01-19 | face to face | 1,762 | 1,743 |
| ANES 1952 Time Series Study | 1952-09-15 | face to face | 1,899 | 1,763 |