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Agreement with resenting when Whites deny that racial discrimination exists, asked in the CES in 2020, 2022, and 2024.
AI-matched An AI model grouped these questions and mapped their answers onto shared categories, and a second AI review checked and corrected the grouping and mapping. No person has checked it: compare the question wordings and the answer mapping below before reading the lines against each other.
Latest: 24% answered “Neither agree nor disagree” in CES: Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists, 2024.
Shares of everyone asked, including non-answers. Each point is one survey wave at the middle of its field period. Lines from different surveys are never spliced together.
| Line | Question | Match | How answers map |
|---|---|---|---|
| CES: Resentment when Whites deny racial discrimination exists | Resentment when Whites deny racial discrimination exists How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [I resent when Whites deny the existence of racial discrimination.] Caveat: Wording truncated in the question text ("discrimin"); the scale is the same | identical | Strongly agree → Strongly agree; Somewhat agree → Somewhat agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Somewhat disagree → Somewhat disagree; Strongly disagree → Strongly disagree |
| CES: Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists | Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [I resent when Whites deny the existence of racial discrimination.] Caveat: Same wording and scale | identical | Strongly agree → Strongly agree; Somewhat agree → Somewhat agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Somewhat disagree → Somewhat disagree; Strongly disagree → Strongly disagree |
| CES: Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists | Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [I resent when Whites deny the existence of racial discrimination.] Caveat: Same wording and scale | identical | Strongly agree → Strongly agree; Somewhat agree → Somewhat agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Somewhat disagree → Somewhat disagree; Strongly disagree → Strongly disagree |