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Agreement with resenting when Whites deny that racial discrimination exists, asked in the CES in 2020, 2022, and 2024.
AI-matched An AI model grouped these questions and mapped their answers onto shared categories, and a second AI review checked and corrected the grouping and mapping. No person has checked it: compare the question wordings and the answer mapping below before reading the lines against each other.
Latest: 41% answered “Strongly agree” in CES: Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists, 2024.
Shares of people whose answer maps onto these categories (non-answers and answers outside the scale are left out), because surveys differ in whether they offer “don’t know.” Each point is one survey wave at the middle of its field period. Lines from different surveys are never spliced together.
| Line | Question | Match | How answers map |
|---|---|---|---|
| CES: Resentment when Whites deny racial discrimination exists | Resentment when Whites deny racial discrimination exists How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [I resent when Whites deny the existence of racial discrimination.] Caveat: Wording truncated in the question text ("discrimin"); the scale is the same | identical | Strongly agree → Strongly agree; Somewhat agree → Somewhat agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Somewhat disagree → Somewhat disagree; Strongly disagree → Strongly disagree |
| CES: Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists | Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [I resent when Whites deny the existence of racial discrimination.] Caveat: Same wording and scale | identical | Strongly agree → Strongly agree; Somewhat agree → Somewhat agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Somewhat disagree → Somewhat disagree; Strongly disagree → Strongly disagree |
| CES: Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists | Resent Whites denying racial discrimination exists How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? [I resent when Whites deny the existence of racial discrimination.] Caveat: Same wording and scale | identical | Strongly agree → Strongly agree; Somewhat agree → Somewhat agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Somewhat disagree → Somewhat disagree; Strongly disagree → Strongly disagree |