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Agreement that workers need strong trade unions to protect their interests, from three GSS items: two asked of all adults with a neutral option (1989, 2016, and 2021) and one in a battery about the respondent's main job, asked only of employed people without a neutral option (2002 to 2022).
AI-matched An AI model grouped these questions and mapped their answers onto shared categories, and a second AI review checked and corrected the grouping and mapping. No person has checked it: compare the question wordings and the answer mapping below before reading the lines against each other.
Latest: 14% answered “Agree strongly” in GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests, 2022.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests → mixed mode (2022).
Shares of people whose answer maps onto these categories (non-answers and answers outside the scale are left out), because surveys differ in whether they offer “don’t know.” Each column is one survey wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests → mixed mode (2022).
Shares of people whose answer maps onto these categories (non-answers and answers outside the scale are left out), because surveys differ in whether they offer “don’t know.” Each point is one survey wave at the middle of its field period. Lines from different surveys are never spliced together.
Groups differ from everyone by 10 points on average across all answers, in GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests.
| Line | Question | Match | How answers map |
|---|---|---|---|
| GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests | Workers need strong unions to protect interests How much do you agree or disagree with these two statements?
B. Workers need strong trade unions to protect their interests. Caveat: Has neutral midpoint; asked as part of a two-statement agree/disagree item | identical | Strongly agree → Agree strongly; Agree → Agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Disagree → Disagree; Strongly disagree → Disagree strongly |
| GSS: Workers need strong trade unions | Workers need strong trade unions Workers need strong trade unions to protect their interests Caveat: Same scale as the reference, but a standalone item with different intro wording and context | equivalent | Strongly agree → Agree strongly; Agree → Agree; Neither agree nor disagree → Neither agree nor disagree; Disagree → Disagree; Strongly disagree → Disagree strongly |
| GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests | Workers need strong unions to protect interests Now I'm going to read you a list of statements that might or might not describe your main job. Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with each of these statements.
R. Workers need strong trade unions to protect their interests Caveat: No neutral option; asked in a job-characteristics battery about the respondent's main job | similar | Strongly agree → Agree strongly; Agree → Agree; Disagree → Disagree; Strongly disagree → Disagree strongly |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests → mixed mode (2022).
Groups differ from everyone by 9 points on average across all answers, in GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. GSS: Workers need strong unions to protect interests → mixed mode (2022).
Subgroup charts are picked automatically. Of every breakdown in the data (party, ideology, age, sex, race, education, income, region, religion, and community type), these two put their groups furthest from everyone’s answers: the gap is averaged across all answer categories and waves, with each group weighted by its share of respondents. Party and ideology count as one choice, so the second chart shows a different kind of split. Groups with an effective sample under 50 in a wave are left out of that wave.