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Tolerance of speech by unpopular groups, censorship, and privacy.
| Question | Source | Years | Waves |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allow anti-religionist to teach in college B. Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? | GSS | 1972–2024 | 31 |
| Fire communist college teacher B. Suppose he is teaching in a college. Should he be fired, or not? | GSS | 1972–2024 | 31 |
| Allow Communist to speak A. Suppose this admitted Communist wanted to make a speech in your community. Should he be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 1972–2024 | 31 |
| Remove Communist's book from public library C. Suppose he wrote a book which is in your public library. Somebody in your community suggests that the book should be removed from the library. Would you favor removing it, or not? | GSS | 1972–2024 | 31 |
| Allow anti-religion speaker to speak A. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your (city/town/community) against churches and religion, should he be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 1972–2024 | 31 |
| Remove anti-religion book from public library C. If some people in your community suggested that a book he wrote against churches and religion should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 1972–2024 | 31 |
| Allow racist to teach in college Or consider a person who believes that Black people are genetically inferior....B. Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? | GSS | 1976–2024 | 28 |
| Allow racist to speak Or consider a person who believes that Black people are genetically inferior... A. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community claiming that Black people are inferior, should he be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 1976–2024 | 28 |
| Remove book claiming Black inferiority from public library Or consider a person who believes that Black people are genetically inferior.C. If some people in your community suggested that a book he wrote which said Black people are inferior should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 1976–2024 | 28 |
| Allow homosexual man to speak A. Suppose this admitted homosexual wanted to make a speech in your community. Should he be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 1973–2021 | 28 |
| Remove pro-homosexuality book from public library C. If some people in your community suggested that a book he wrote in favor of homosexuality should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 1973–2021 | 28 |
| Allow military-rule advocate to teach in college B. Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? | GSS | 1976–2021 | 26 |
| Remove book advocating military rule from public library C. Suppose he wrote a book advocating doing away with elections and letting the military run the country. somebody in your community suggests that the book be removed from the public library. Would you favor removing it, or not? | GSS | 1976–2021 | 26 |
| Allow advocate of military rule to speak A. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community, should he be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 1976–2021 | 26 |
| Approval of wiretapping Everything considered, would you say that, in general, you approve or disapprove of wiretapping? | GSS | 1974–1994 | 14 |
| Tolerance of people with different moral standards ‘We should be more tolerant of people who choose to live according to their own moral standards, even if they are very different from our own.’ (2000: do you agree strongly, agree somewhat, neither agree nor disagree, disagree somewhat, or disagree strongly with this statement?) | ANES | 1986–2016 | 12 |
| Remove anti-American Muslim clergyman's book from library C. If some people in your community suggested that a book he wrote which preaches hatred of the United States should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 2008–2024 | 9 |
| Allow anti-American Muslim clergyman to teach in college B. Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? | GSS | 2008–2024 | 9 |
| Allow Muslim clergyman preaching hatred of US to speak A. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community preaching hatred of the United States, should he be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 2008–2024 | 9 |
| Allowing public meetings to protest against the government A. Organizing public meetings to protest against the government. | GSS | 1985–2016 | 5 |
| Allow revolutionaries to publish books C. Publish books expressing their views. | GSS | 1985–2016 | 5 |
| Allow protest marches and demonstrations against the government C. Organizing protest marches and demonstrations. | GSS | 1985–2016 | 5 |
| Allow revolutionaries to hold public meetings A. Hold public meetings to express their views. | GSS | 1985–2016 | 5 |
| Allow nationwide strike against the government F. Organizing a nationwide strike of all workers against the government. | GSS | 1985–2006 | 4 |
| Government questions on foreign relatives for clearances E. Foreign relatives and friends | GSS | 1994–2000 | 4 |
| Government questions on criminal records for clearances B. Criminal arrests and convictions | GSS | 1994–2000 | 4 |
| Government questions on sexual orientation for clearances G. Sexual orientation | GSS | 1994–2000 | 4 |
| Government questions on alcohol use for clearances F. Alcohol use | GSS | 1994–2000 | 4 |
| Government questions on mental health history for clearances D. Mental health history | GSS | 1994–2000 | 4 |
| Government questions on illegal drug use for clearances C. Illegal drug use | GSS | 1994–2000 | 4 |
| Government questions on finances for clearances A. Financial and credit history | GSS | 1994–2000 | 4 |
| Fire self-identified communist college teacher (Now, we would like to ask you some questions about a self-identified Communist...) Suppose this person is teaching in a college. Should this person be fired, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Remove Communist's book from public library, newer version Suppose this person wrote a book which is in your public library. Somebody in your community suggests that the book should be removed from the library. Would you favor removing it, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Allow speaker claiming Blacks are inferior to speak Or consider a person who believes that Blacks are genetically inferior… If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community claiming that Blacks are inferior, should this person be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Allow self-identified Communist to speak Now, we would like to ask you some questions about a self-identified Communist. Suppose this admitted Communist wanted to make a speech in your community. Should this person be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Remove anti-religion book from public library, newer version If some people in your community suggested that a book this person wrote against churches and religion should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Remove book claiming Black inferiority from library, newer version (Or consider a person who believes that Black people are genetically inferior…)If some people in your community suggested that a book this person wrote which said Black people are inferior should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Allow Islamic leader preaching hatred of US to speak Now consider a Islamic religious leader who preaches hatred of the United States. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community preaching hatred of the United States, should this person be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Allow racist to speak, revised wording Or consider a person who believes that Blacks are genetically inferior… If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community claiming that Blacks are inferior, should this person be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Remove anti-American Islamic leader's book from library, newer version If some people in your community suggested that a book this person wrote which preaches hatred of the United States should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 2021–2024 | 3 |
| Government computer data as a threat to privacy The federal government has a lot of different pieces of information about people which computers can bring together very quickly. Is this a very serious threat to individual privacy, a fairly serious threat, not a serious threat, or not a threat at all to individual privacy? | GSS | 1985–2006 | 3 |
| Remove socialist's book from public library C. If some people in your community suggested a book he wrote favoring government ownership should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing this book, or not? | GSS | 1972–1974 | 3 |
| Allow socialist to teach in college B. Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college or university, or not? | GSS | 1972–1974 | 3 |
| Allow advocate of government ownership of industry to speak A. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community favoring government ownership of all the railroads and big industries, should he be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 1972–1974 | 3 |
| Government right to use video surveillance in public Keep people under video surveillance in public areas? Would you say... | GSS | 2016–2024 | 2 |
| Religious extremists holding public meetings A. Do you think such people should be allowed to hold a public meeting to express their views? Would you say… | GSS | 2008–2018 | 2 |
| Allow public meetings by those who want to overthrow government Should people who want to overthrow the government by force be allowed to hold public meetings? | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Allow religious extremists to hold public meetings Should religious extremists be allowed to hold public meetings? | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Allow prejudiced people to hold public meetings Should people prejudiced against any racial or ethnic group be allowed to hold public meetings? | GSS | 2004–2014 | 2 |
| Random drug tests for people with security clearance B. Random drug tests | GSS | 1998–2000 | 2 |
| Youthful protest and freedom is wonderful A. It is wonderful that young people today have greater freedom to protest against things they don't like and to 'do their own thing.' | GSS | 1990–1994 | 2 |
| Allow racial-superiority believers to hold public meetings A. Hold public meetings to express their views. | GSS | 1985–1990 | 2 |
| Allow racial-superiority believers to publish books C. Publish books expressing their views. | GSS | 1985–1990 | 2 |
| Allow occupying a government office to protest D. Occupying a government office and stopping work there for several days. | GSS | 1985–1990 | 2 |
| Allow publishing pamphlets protesting the government B. Publishing pamphlets to protest against the government. | GSS | 1985–1990 | 2 |
| Allow seriously damaging government buildings in protest E. Seriously damaging government buildings. | GSS | 1985–1990 | 2 |
| Government right to monitor online communication Do you think that the American government should or should not have the right to do the following?… Monitor e-mails, social media content and any other personal information exchanged on the Internet? | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Renew post-9/11 surveillance programs without warrants Do you support or oppose each of the following bills before Congress? [Renew the federal surveillance programs that were adopted after 9/11 which allow the government to search private electronic data without a search warrant] | CES | 2024 | 1 |
| Willingness to share personal data for discounts Private companies offer services in return for personal information such as your name, phone number, email address, online-search history, or purchases. Regardless of whether you use the Internet yourself, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements.… I would provide my personal information online in return for discounts and free products. | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Who should protect personal data online Who should be mostly responsible for protecting personal information when using the internet? | GSS | 2024 | 1 |
| Government phone surveillance to track infected people (Do you think the United States government should or should not have the right to do the following at times of severe epidemics?) Use digital (mobile phone) surveillance to track infected people. | GSS | 2022 | 1 |
| Remove book advocating military rule from library, newer version Suppose this person wrote a book advocating doing away with elections and letting the military run the country. Somebody in your community suggests that the book be removed from the public library. Would you favor removing it, or not? | GSS | 2021 | 1 |
| Allow advocate of military rule to speak, revised wording Consider a person who advocates doing away with elections and letting the military run the country. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community, should this person be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 2021 | 1 |
| Remove pro-homosexuality book from library, newer version If somebody in your community suggests that a book the gay person wrote in favor of homosexuality should be taken out of your public library, would you favor removing it, or not? | GSS | 2021 | 1 |
| Allow gay person to speak And what about a gay person? Suppose this gay person wanted to make a speech in your community. Should this person be allowed to speak, or not? | GSS | 2021 | 1 |
| Religious extremists publishing views online There are some people whose views are considered extreme by the majority. Consider religious extremists, that is people who believe that their religion is the only true faith and all other religions should be considered as enemies. Do you think such people should be allowed to publish their views on the Internet or social media? Would you say… | GSS | 2018 | 1 |
| Government collecting information on foreigners without their knowledge Collect information about anyone living in other countries without their knowledge? (Would you say...) | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Government right to monitor emails and internet information Monitor e-mails and any other information exchanged on the Internet? (Would you say...) | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Government collecting information on residents without their knowledge Collect information about anyone living in America without their knowledge? Would you say... | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Public access to government information versus security ENTER THE RESPONDENT'S ANSWER, 0-10: | GSS | 2016 | 1 |
| Religious extremists publishing books B. Do you think such people should be allowed to publish books expressing their views? Would you say… | GSS | 2008 | 1 |
| Wiretapping home phones of people with security clearance F. Wire-tapping of telephone calls at home | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Auditing home email of people with security clearance D. Auditing of email and Internet use at home | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Government questions on illegal computer use for clearances J. Illegal or unauthorized use of computers | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Balancing press freedom and privacy of public figures Many people think it is important to have complete freedom of the press and news media in the United States. Others think that the press too often invades the privacy of public figures"like Senators or members of Congress by printing stories that contain personal details about their private lives. Which of the three statements on this Card comes closest to your feelings about balancing freedom of the press and the right to privacy?
READ STATEMENTS 1-3 ONLY. CIRCLE ONLY ONE CODE. | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Searches of briefcases and desks for cleared personnel G. Searches of briefcases and desks at work | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Freedom means government doesn't spy or interfere B. Freedom is having a government that doesn't spy on me or interfere in my life. | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Government questions on foreign business contacts for clearances H. Foreign business contacts | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Wiretapping work phones of people with security clearance E. Wire-tapping of telephone calls at work | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Auditing work email of people with security clearance C. Auditing of email and Internet use at work | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Video surveillance at work for people with security clearance H. Video camera surveillance in the workplace | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Importance of expressing unpopular ideas to freedom F. Freedom is being able to express unpopular ideas without fearing for my safety. | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Government questions on foreign travel for clearances I. Foreign travel | GSS | 2000 | 1 |
| Wiretapping for people with security clearance C. Wiretapping or electronic surveillance | GSS | 1998 | 1 |
| Allow art that mocks or demeans religion Consider an artist--like a painter, sculptor, or photographer--whose art works mock or demean religions or religious figures. If such a person wanted to exhibit these works in your community, should the exhibit be allowed, or not? | GSS | 1998 | 1 |
| Personally offended by art mocking religion A. Would you, personally, be offended by an exhibit of such artworks or would you not be offended? | GSS | 1998 | 1 |
| Privacy versus security clearance background checks • Favor the government's need to protect security by gathering information. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Allow speech offensive to religious or racial groups A. Under the First Amendment guaranteeing free speech, people should be allowed to express their own opinions even if they are harmful or offensive to members of other religious or racial groups. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Ban speech harmful to other religious or racial groups B. People should not be allowed to express opinions that are harmful or offensive to members of other religious or racial groups. | GSS | 1994 | 1 |
| Standing up for your opinion versus keeping quiet Some people think that it's important to stand up for your own opinion even if it makes others around you uncomfortable. Others think that it's better to keep your views to yourself if they would make others around you uncomfortable. Which position comes closer to your view? | GSS | 1993 | 1 |
| Ban books and films attacking religion Some books or films offend people who have strong religious beliefs. Should books and films that attack religions be prohibited by law or should they be allowed? | GSS | 1991 | 1 |
| Feelings about people who organize protests against government A. People who organize protests against a government action they strongly oppose. | GSS | 1990 | 1 |
| Forbid an admitted Communist to speak A. Now I would like to ask you some questions about a man who admits he is a Communist. Suppose this admitted Communist wanted to make a speech in your community. Should he be forbidden from speaking or not? | GSS | 1989 | 1 |
| Allowing an admitted Communist to speak D. Now, I would like to ask you some questions about a man who admits he is a Communist. Suppose this admitted Communist wanted to make a speech in your community. Should he be allowed to speak? | GSS | 1989 | 1 |
| Allowing a racist to speak E. Or, consider a person who believes that Blacks are genetically inferior. If such a person wanted to speech in your community claiming that Blacks are inferior, should he be allowed to speak, make a or not? | GSS | 1989 | 1 |
| Forbid a racist to speak B. Or consider a person who believes that Blacks are genetically inferior. If such a person wanted to make a speech in your community claiming that Blacks are inferior, should he be forbidden from speaking or not? | GSS | 1989 | 1 |
| Requiring people with AIDS to wear identification tags C. Require people with the AIDS virus to wear identification tags that look like those carried by people with allergies or diabetes | GSS | 1988 | 1 |
| Newspaper publishing confidential defense plans Should the newspaper be allowed to publish the papers? Or should the government have the power to prevent publication? | GSS | 1985 | 1 |
| Allow racial-superiority believers to teach 15-year-olds B. Teach 15 year olds in schools. | GSS | 1985 | 1 |
| Newspaper publishing confidential economic plans Should the newspaper be allowed to publish the papers? Or should the government have the power to prevent publication? | GSS | 1985 | 1 |
| Allow revolutionaries to teach 15-year-olds in schools B. Teach 15 year olds in schools. | GSS | 1985 | 1 |
| Concern about threats to personal privacy How concerned are you about threats to your personal privacy in America today? Would you say you are very concerned, somewhat concerned, only a little concerned, or not concerned at all? | GSS | 1982 | 1 |