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If not born in US, is R a US citizen As of 2024, USCITZN has been recoded to simplify responses. It is now a synthetic variable which represents the original USCITZN, as well as the experimental USCITZNV and USCITZNNV. This recode is retroactive, covering all previous years of USCITZN. The original data have been preserved in USCITZN_0822. USCITZNV and USCITZNNV will not be made available in 2024.
U.S. citizenship status if foreign-born, original coding · Asked in 7 waves, 2008–2022 · 2,072 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2022).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | A u.s. citizen | Not a u.s. citizen | A u.s. citizen born in puerto rico, the u.s. virgin islands, or the northern marianas islands (if volunteered) | Born outside of the u.s. to parents who were u.s. citizens at that time (if volunteered) |
|---|
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Social Survey 2022 | 2022-05-08 to 2023-01-08 | mixed | 3,544 | 267 |
| General Social Survey 2018 | 2018-04-12 to 2018-11-10 | face to face | 2,348 | 303 |
| General Social Survey 2016 | 2016-04-05 to 2016-11-19 | face to face | 2,867 | 360 |
| General Social Survey 2014 | 2014-03-31 to 2014-10-13 | face to face | 2,538 | 354 |
| General Social Survey 2012 | 2012-03-20 to 2012-09-05 | face to face | 1,974 | 274 |
| General Social Survey 2010 | 2010-03-15 to 2010-08-12 | face to face | 2,044 | 249 |
| General Social Survey 2008 | 2008-04-17 to 2008-09-13 | face to face | 2,023 | 265 |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2022).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| n |
|---|
| MoE |
|---|
| All respondents | 58% | 37% | 1% | 3% | 267 | ±9 | |
| Protestant † | 57% | 35% | 2% | 7% | 78 | ±17 | |
| Catholic † | 58% | 38% | 2% | 2% | 102 | ±14 | |
| Jewish † | Too few respondents | – | – | – | – | 5 | ±59 |
| Other faith † | Too few respondents | – | – | – | – | 32 | ±25 |
| None † | 50% | 50% | – | – | 41 | ±21 |
General Social Survey 2022 · US adults 18+ living in households (English, and Spanish since 2006). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.