Loading…
What racial or ethnic group best describes you?
Asked of: All respondents (years in which the item was asked)
Racial or ethnic group · Asked in 20 waves, 2006–2025 · 718,955 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Harmonized across years by the Cumulative CES Common Content (Kuriwaki); response options are collapsed where years differ. See docs/sources/ces.md.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | White |
|---|
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative Election Study 2025 | 2025-11-05 to 2025-12-12 | web | 17,000 | 17,000 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2024 | 2024-10-01 to 2024-12-09 | web | 60,000 | 60,000 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2023 | 2023-11-08 to 2023-12-11 | web | 24,500 | 24,500 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2022 | 2022-09-29 to 2022-12-15 | web | 60,000 | 60,000 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2021 | 2021-11-03 to 2021-12-07 | web | 25,700 | 25,700 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2020 | 2020-09-29 to 2020-12-14 | web | 61,000 | 61,000 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2019 | 2019-11-06 to 2019-12-05 | web | 18,000 | 18,000 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 | 2018-09-27 to 2018-11-05 | web | 60,000 | 60,000 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2017 | 2017-11-08 to 2017-12-12 | web | 18,200 | 18,200 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2016 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| Black |
|---|
| Hispanic |
|---|
| Asian |
|---|
| Native American |
|---|
| Mixed |
|---|
| Other |
|---|
| Middle Eastern |
|---|
| n |
|---|
| MoE |
|---|
| All respondents | 68% | 12% | 10% | 4% | 1% | 3% | 2% | 0% | 60000 | ±0.7 | |
| AK † | 67% | 11% | 5% | 2% | 5% | 5% | 5% | – | 128 | ±15 | |
| AL | 66% | 28% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 0% | 0% | 901 | ±6 | |
| AR | 75% | 16% | 1% | 0% | 2% | 4% | 2% | 0% | 532 | ±7 | |
| AZ | 66% | 5% | 16% | 4% | 3% | 3% | 3% | 0% | 1495 | ±5 | |
| CA | 45% | 7% | 24% | 14% | 1% | 5% | 2% | 1% | 4900 | ±2 | |
| CO | 74% | 7% | 12% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 1055 | ±5 | |
| CT | 74% | 8% | 10% | 4% | 0% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 594 | ±6 | |
| DC | 43% | 41% | 3% | 5% | – | 5% | 4% | 0% | 170 | ±10 | |
| DE | 71% | 17% | 4% | 5% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 219 | ±9 | |
| FL | 60% | 14% | 17% | 4% | 1% | 3% | 2% | 0% | 4402 | ±3 | |
| GA | 56% | 33% | 4% | 3% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 2055 | ±4 | |
| HI | 26% | 2% | 4% | 47% | 0% | 13% | 8% | – | 183 | ±10 | |
| IA | 90% | 4% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 3% | 0% | 0% | 615 | ±8 | |
| ID | 84% | 0% | 9% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 1% | – | 313 | ±11 | |
| IL | 72% | 13% | 8% | 4% | 0% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 2320 | ±4 | |
| IN | 83% | 6% | 4% | 2% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 0% | 1267 | ±5 | |
| KS | 82% | 5% | 7% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 502 | ±7 | |
| KY | 87% | 7% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 2% | 1% | – | 887 | ±5 | |
| LA | 58% | 35% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 1% | – | 709 | ±6 | |
| MA | 74% | 7% | 6% | 7% | 0% | 5% | 1% | 0% | 1119 | ±5 | |
| MD | 53% | 32% | 3% | 5% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 1% | 1068 | ±5 | |
| ME | 94% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 2% | 1% | – | 287 | ±7 | |
| MI | 81% | 7% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1951 | ±4 | |
| MN | 87% | 3% | 4% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 1016 | ±5 | |
| MO | 81% | 10% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 0% | 1323 | ±5 | |
| MS | 56% | 41% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 0% | 0% | 503 | ±7 | |
| MT | 90% | 3% | 0% | – | 3% | 3% | 1% | – | 231 | ±9 | |
| NC | 68% | 18% | 6% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 1913 | ±4 | |
| ND | 92% | 1% | 1% | – | 4% | 2% | – | – | 114 | ±11 | |
| NE | 86% | 4% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 0% | 1% | 353 | ±9 | |
| NH | 91% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 298 | ±7 | |
| NJ | 60% | 15% | 13% | 7% | 0% | 3% | 2% | 1% | 1604 | ±4 | |
| NM | 46% | 3% | 31% | 2% | 4% | 10% | 3% | – | 422 | ±8 | |
| NV | 59% | 9% | 14% | 5% | 2% | 4% | 5% | 1% | 739 | ±7 | |
| NY | 63% | 14% | 12% | 6% | 0% | 4% | 2% | 0% | 3453 | ±3 | |
| OH | 80% | 11% | 1% | 3% | 0% | 3% | 1% | 0% | 2564 | ±3 | |
| OK | 72% | 7% | 5% | 2% | 7% | 6% | 1% | 0% | 701 | ±6 | |
| OR | 79% | 2% | 6% | 3% | 2% | 7% | 1% | 0% | 1009 | ±5 | |
| PA | 83% | 7% | 4% | 3% | 0% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 3040 | ±3 | |
| RI | 78% | 6% | 8% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 212 | ±8 | |
| SC | 66% | 24% | 6% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 992 | ±6 | |
| SD | 89% | – | 1% | 2% | 5% | 2% | 2% | – | 173 | ±9 | |
| TN | 78% | 11% | 4% | 1% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 1371 | ±5 | |
| TX | 51% | 14% | 25% | 5% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 4816 | ±2 | |
| UT | 83% | 2% | 6% | 1% | 1% | 4% | 4% | 0% | 507 | ±7 | |
| VA | 65% | 20% | 5% | 4% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 1611 | ±4 | |
| VT | 92% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 2% | – | 124 | ±12 | |
| WA | 73% | 5% | 5% | 6% | 1% | 7% | 3% | 0% | 1382 | ±4 | |
| WI | 87% | 4% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 1334 | ±5 | |
| WV | 92% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 1% | 1% | – | 428 | ±10 | |
| WY † | 89% | – | 3% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 4% | – | 95 | ±14 |
Cooperative Election Study 2024 · US adults 18+ (YouGov opt-in panels, sample-matched to an ACS frame and weighted). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 2016-09-28 to 2016-11-07 |
| web |
| 64,600 |
| 64,600 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2015 | 2015-11-06 to 2015-12-03 | web | 14,250 | 14,250 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2014 | 2014-10-01 to 2014-11-03 | web | 56,200 | 56,200 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2013 | 2013-11-06 to 2013-12-03 | web | 16,400 | 16,400 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2012 | 2012-10-01 to 2012-11-05 | web | 54,535 | 54,535 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2011 | 2011-11-09 to 2012-01-07 | web | 20,150 | 20,150 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2010 | 2010-10-01 to 2010-11-01 | web | 55,400 | 55,400 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2009 | 2009-11-05 to 2009-12-14 | web | 13,800 | 13,800 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2008 | 2008-10-08 to 2008-11-03 | web | 32,800 | 32,800 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2007 | 2007-11-09 to 2007-12-10 | web | 9,999 | 9,999 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2006 | 2006-10-07 to 2006-11-08 | web | 36,421 | 36,421 |