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[Based on health insurance question; respondent has none of the insurance options given]
Asked of: All respondents (years in which the item was asked)
Has no health insurance · Asked in 17 waves, 2009–2025 · 639,671 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Harmonized across years by the Cumulative CES Common Content (Kuriwaki); response options are collapsed where years differ. See docs/sources/ces.md.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Yes | No | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 9% | 91% | 17000 | ±1 | |
| AK † |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative Election Study 2025 | 2025-11-05 to 2025-12-12 | web | 17,000 | 17,000 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2024 | 2024-10-01 to 2024-12-09 | web | 60,000 | 60,000 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2023 | 2023-11-08 to 2023-12-11 | web | 24,500 | 24,500 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2022 | 2022-09-29 to 2022-12-15 | web | 60,000 | 60,000 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2021 | 2021-11-03 to 2021-12-07 | web | 25,700 | 25,700 |
| Cooperative Election Study 2020 | 2020-09-29 to 2020-12-14 | web | 61,000 | 61,000 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2019 | 2019-11-06 to 2019-12-05 | web | 18,000 | 18,000 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2018 | 2018-09-27 to 2018-11-05 | web | 60,000 | 60,000 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2017 | 2017-11-08 to 2017-12-12 | web | 18,200 | 18,200 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2016 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| – |
| 100% |
| 23 |
| ±22 |
| AL | 11% | 89% | 269 | ±8 |
| AR | 12% | 88% | 157 | ±9 |
| AZ | 7% | 93% | 420 | ±7 |
| CA | 7% | 93% | 1665 | ±4 |
| CO | 7% | 93% | 309 | ±8 |
| CT | 6% | 94% | 178 | ±8 |
| DC † | 9% | 91% | 44 | ±16 |
| DE | 2% | 98% | 72 | ±13 |
| FL | 15% | 85% | 1315 | ±4 |
| GA | 15% | 85% | 612 | ±6 |
| HI † | – | 100% | 69 | ±15 |
| IA | 4% | 96% | 160 | ±9 |
| ID | 12% | 88% | 80 | ±13 |
| IL | 9% | 91% | 608 | ±6 |
| IN | 9% | 91% | 357 | ±7 |
| KS | 19% | 81% | 124 | ±11 |
| KY | 7% | 93% | 245 | ±7 |
| LA | 6% | 94% | 219 | ±8 |
| MA | 5% | 95% | 272 | ±8 |
| MD | 5% | 95% | 289 | ±8 |
| ME | 12% | 88% | 73 | ±12 |
| MI | 8% | 92% | 519 | ±6 |
| MN | 5% | 95% | 271 | ±8 |
| MO | 9% | 91% | 337 | ±7 |
| MS | 12% | 88% | 133 | ±11 |
| MT † | 12% | 88% | 61 | ±14 |
| NC | 14% | 86% | 549 | ±6 |
| ND † | 4% | 96% | 29 | ±19 |
| NE | 5% | 95% | 78 | ±12 |
| NH † | 2% | 98% | 56 | ±14 |
| NJ | 5% | 95% | 450 | ±6 |
| NM | 20% | 80% | 125 | ±11 |
| NV | 8% | 92% | 192 | ±8 |
| NY | 9% | 91% | 1153 | ±4 |
| OH | 6% | 94% | 608 | ±5 |
| OK | 14% | 86% | 205 | ±9 |
| OR | 3% | 97% | 296 | ±7 |
| PA | 6% | 94% | 760 | ±5 |
| RI † | 7% | 93% | 46 | ±16 |
| SC | 14% | 86% | 277 | ±7 |
| SD † | 18% | 82% | 56 | ±15 |
| TN | 11% | 89% | 369 | ±7 |
| TX | 17% | 83% | 1467 | ±4 |
| UT | 5% | 95% | 137 | ±10 |
| VA | 7% | 93% | 420 | ±6 |
| VT † | 5% | 95% | 22 | ±22 |
| WA | 7% | 93% | 357 | ±7 |
| WI | 2% | 98% | 329 | ±7 |
| WV | 6% | 94% | 113 | ±10 |
| WY † | 13% | 87% | 25 | ±21 |
Cooperative Election Study 2025 · US adults 18+ (YouGov opt-in panels, sample-matched to an ACS frame and weighted). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 2016-09-28 to 2016-11-07 |
| web |
| 64,600 |
| 64,600 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2015 | 2015-11-06 to 2015-12-03 | web | 14,250 | 14,250 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2014 | 2014-10-01 to 2014-11-03 | web | 56,200 | 56,173 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2013 | 2013-11-06 to 2013-12-03 | web | 16,400 | 16,400 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2012 | 2012-10-01 to 2012-11-05 | web | 54,535 | 54,535 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2011 | 2011-11-09 to 2012-01-07 | web | 20,150 | 20,150 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2010 | 2010-10-01 to 2010-11-01 | web | 55,400 | 55,400 |
| Cooperative Congressional Election Study 2009 | 2009-11-05 to 2009-12-14 | web | 13,800 | 13,763 |