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Are you employed by a federal, state or local government?
Employed by federal, state, or local government · Asked in 12 waves, 1986–2016 · 28,996 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Kept and flagged: -9 (other_missing), -8 (dk). Codebook notes: Applies to all working Rs, regardless of number of hours
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Yes | No | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 22% | 78% | 4270 | ±2 | |
| Democrats | 26% | 74% | 1449 |
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V161294. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 4,270 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study Source variable: dem_empgovnow. 51% of responses are code -9, which the codebook uses for respondents outside the question's universe as well as DK/RF/NA (kept as other_missing); compute substantive shares without it. | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,914 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study Source variable: V083237. | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,322 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V043281. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,212 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V000973. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,807 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study Source variable: V980632. | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 | mixed | 1,281 | 1,281 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study Source variable: V960669. | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| ±3 |
| Independents (incl. leaners) | 20% | 80% | 1569 | ±3 |
| Republicans | 18% | 82% | 1229 | ±3 |
ANES 2016 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| mixed |
| 1,714 |
| 1,714 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V941227. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V923926. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,485 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900576. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,980 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880439. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 2,040 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860625. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |