There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital costs. Some (1988,1994-LATER: people) feel there should be a government insurance plan which would cover all medical and hospital expenses (1984 AND LATER: for everyone). (1996,2004: Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1). Others feel that (1988,1994-1996: all) medical expenses should be paid by individuals, and through private insurance (1984 AND LATER: plans) like Blue Cross (1984-1994: or [1996:some] other company paid plans). (1996,2004: Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7. And of course, some people have opinions somewhere in between at points 2,3,4,5 or 6.) Where would you place yourself on this scale, or haven’t you thought much about this? (7-POINT SCALE SHOWN TO R)
Government vs. private health insurance scale · Asked in 16 waves, 1970–2024 · 43,498 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped as not asked: -1 'Inapplicable (unlisted code)'. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 0 in 1972, 1984, 2000, 2008. Kept and flagged: 0 (no_answer), 9 (dk). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: See also VCF0805. 2000 NOTE 1: This variable represents 7-point scale data from interviews conducted face-to-face. Respondents interviewed by telephone were asked a branching series and are not included. 2000 NOTE 2: Approximately half of the respondents were randomly selected to be administered this question with the introduction read with the endpoint options in reverse order [private option first] and the endpoint labels in the respondent booklet reversed. 2008 NOTE: This question was administered to a random half sample of respondents using verion ‘OLD’; the remaining respondents were administered an alternative version (version ‘NEW’).
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group |
|---|
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2024 Time Series Study Source variable: V241245. | 2024-08-03 to 2025-02-17 | mixed | 5,521 | 5,273 |
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V201252. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 8,274 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V161184. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 4,266 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study Source variable: inspre_self. | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,914 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study Source variable: V083119. | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 1,154 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V043150. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,211 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V000609. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,006 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| Government insurance plan |
|---|
| 2 |
|---|
| 3 |
|---|
| 4 |
|---|
| 5 |
|---|
| 6 |
|---|
| Private insurance plan |
|---|
| n |
|---|
| MoE |
|---|
| All respondents | 23% | 13% | 14% | 18% | 12% | 9% | 12% | 5273 | ±2 | |
| Liberals | 38% | 26% | 17% | 12% | 4% | 3% | 1% | 1567 | ±4 | |
| Moderates | 23% | 10% | 18% | 23% | 12% | 8% | 7% | 1139 | ±4 | |
| Conservatives | 7% | 5% | 10% | 20% | 19% | 15% | 24% | 1836 | ±3 |
ANES 2024 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 |
| mixed |
| 1,714 |
| 1,714 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V940950. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V923716. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,483 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880318. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 2,034 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V841058. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 967 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V780381. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,304 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study Source variable: V763273. | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 2,241 |
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study Source variable: V720208. | 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 | face to face | 2,705 | 1,355 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study Source variable: V700134(type 0). | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,507 |