1952-1964: Is your Church (1962: religious) preference Protestant, Catholic or Jewish? 1966-1968: Are you Protestant, Catholic or Jewish? 1970-1988,2002: Is your religious preference Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something else? 1990 AND LATER, exc. 2002: (IF R ATTENDS RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Do you mostly attend a place of worship that is Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what? (IF R DOESN’T ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES:) Regardless of whether you now attend any religious services do you ever think of yourself as part of a particular church or denomination? (IF YES:) Do you consider yourself Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish or what?
Religion, major group · Asked in 33 waves, 1948–2024 · 73,259 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 0 in 1992. Kept and flagged: 0 (no_answer). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: See also VCF0129 and VCF0152. In all Pre-Post studies except 1960 this was a Pre var. This has been collapsed from the Study variable summarizing R’s religious self-identification, constructed from the complete set of questions asked, usually including questions additional to those documented here (see questions per VCF0128b,VCF0129). 1990-later (exc. 2002) NOTE: Questions about religious affiliation were preceded by the filter question, ‘Lots of things come up that keep people from attending religious services even if they want to. Thinking about your life these days, do you ever attend religious services, apart from occasional weddings, baptisms or funerals?’ (SEE VCF0130), which had some effect on distributions. 1948 NOTE: Question wording was undocumented. 1992 NOTE: This question was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short- form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated. 1994 NOTE: For panel cases, 1992 data were incorporated. 2002 NOTE: For panel cases, 2000 data were incorporated. 2012 NOTE: In 2012, cases categorized as ‘undifferentiated Christian’ in the major-group summary are coded 4.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
| Group |
|---|
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2024 Time Series Study Source variable: V241445x. Suspected coding error in the Feb. 5, 2026 release: about 800 respondents whose detailed religion (VCF0152) is a Protestant denomination are coded 2 (Catholic). respondents.religion for 2024 is derived from VCF0152 instead. | 2024-08-03 to 2025-02-17 | mixed | 5,521 | 5,276 |
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V201457x. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 8,280 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V161264x. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 4,270 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study Source variable: relig_7cat_x. | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,913 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study Source variable: V083185b. | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,322 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V043247. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,212 |
| ANES 2002 Time Series Study Source variable: V023138. | 2002-09-18 to 2002-12-06 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| Protestant |
|---|
| Catholic [Roman Catholic] |
|---|
| Jewish |
|---|
| Other and none (also includes DK preference) |
|---|
| n |
|---|
| MoE |
|---|
| All respondents | 14% | 33% | 2% | 52% | 5276 | ±2 | |
| Democrats | 15% | 31% | 3% | 51% | 1865 | ±3 | |
| Independents (incl. leaners) | 10% | 30% | 1% | 59% | 1726 | ±3 | |
| Republicans | 16% | 40% | 1% | 43% | 1652 | ±3 |
ANES 2024 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| phone |
| 1,511 |
| 1,507 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V000878,V000904. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,800 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study Source variable: V980542,V980569. | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 | mixed | 1,281 | 1,281 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study Source variable: V960602. | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,714 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V941102,V941105,V941122. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V923827,V923850. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,467 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900525,V900546. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,980 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880527. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 2,038 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860737. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840687. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 2,251 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study Source variable: V820734. | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,418 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800693. | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,610 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V780605. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,304 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study Source variable: V763510. | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 2,243 |
| ANES 1974 Time Series Study Source variable: V742551. | 1974-11-06 to 1975-01-31 | face to face | 1,575 | 1,575 |
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study Source variable: V720422. | 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 | face to face | 2,705 | 2,701 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study Source variable: V700360(type 0). | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,507 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study Source variable: V680213. | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,550 |
| ANES 1966 Time Series Study Source variable: V660221. | 1966-11-08 to 1967-02-01 | face to face | 1,291 | 1,291 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study Source variable: V640235. | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,570 |
| ANES 1962 Time Series Study Source variable: V620093. | 1962-11-07 | face to face | 1,297 | 1,297 |
| ANES 1960 Time Series Study Source variable: V600252. | 1960-09-12 to 1960-12-26 | face to face | 1,181 | 1,109 |
| ANES 1958 Time Series Study Source variable: V580210. | 1958-11-05 to 1958-12-25 | face to face | 1,450 | 1,450 |
| ANES 1956 Time Series Study Source variable: V560132. | 1956-09-17 to 1957-01-19 | face to face | 1,762 | 1,762 |
| ANES 1954 Time Series Study | 1954-10-01 to 1954-10-31 | face to face | 1,139 | 1,139 |
| ANES 1952 Time Series Study Source variable: V520158. | 1952-09-15 | face to face | 1,899 | 1,793 |
| ANES 1948 Time Series Study Source variable: V480050. | 1948-10-01 to 1948-12-31 | face to face | 662 | 658 |