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1952: Do either you or the head of your household belong to a labor union? Who is it that belongs? 1956 AND LATER: (1956-1984,2002: Does anyone) (1986-LATER EXC.2002: Do you or [1988: does] anyone else) in this household belong to a labor union? (IF YES:) Who is it that belongs?
Who in household belongs to a union, 4 categories · Asked in 29 waves, 1952–2020 · 64,996 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped only in years where the codebook names a design split (alternate form, half sample, abbreviated or web instrument): 9 in 1992. Kept and flagged: 9 (other_missing). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: ‘Someone other than R’ can designate 1 or more persons. 1948,1954 NOTE: In 1948 and 1954 it was not possible to distinguish when R was head, and 1948 and 1954 are not included. 1952 NOTE: Only R’s or the head of household’s union affiliation was coded; for 1952, codes 2 and 3 only include persons other than R if they were designated head of household. 1992 NOTE: This was not part of the ‘short-form’ questionnaire; for short-form panel cases, however, 1990 study data were incorporated. 2002 NOTE: Asked only of ‘fresh’ cross-section cases; for panel cases 2000 data have been included.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | No one | R only | Someone other than R only | R and someone other than R |
|---|
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V201544, V201545. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 8,280 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V161302,V161303. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 4,270 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study Source variable: dem_unionhh,dem_unionwho_r,dem_unionwho_spouse,dem_unionwho_personoth. | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,914 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study Source variable: V083246,V083246a. | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,322 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V043290,V043291. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,212 |
| ANES 2002 Time Series Study Source variable: V023134,V023134a. | 2002-09-18 to 2002-12-06 | phone | 1,511 | 1,511 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V000990,V000991a,V000991b,V000991c. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| n |
|---|
| MoE |
|---|
| All respondents | 84% | 10% | 4% | 1% | 8280 | ±1 | |
| White | 84% | 9% | 5% | 1% | 5963 | ±2 | |
| Black | 84% | 12% | 3% | 1% | 726 | ±5 | |
| Hispanic | 87% | 8% | 3% | 2% | 762 | ±5 | |
| Asian | 77% | 19% | 3% | 1% | 284 | ±8 | |
| Other | 81% | 13% | 4% | 1% | 443 | ±6 |
ANES 2020 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| 1,807 |
| 1,807 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study Source variable: V980649,V980650. | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 | mixed | 1,281 | 1,281 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study Source variable: V960698,V960699. | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,714 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V941401,V941402. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V924101,V924102. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,472 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900660,V900661. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,980 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880517,V880518. | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 2,040 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860729,V860731. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840676,V840678. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 2,257 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study Source variable: V820722,V820723. | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,418 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800683,V800684. | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,614 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V780595,V780596. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,304 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study Source variable: V763392,V763476,V763477. | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 2,248 |
| ANES 1974 Time Series Study Source variable: V742515,V742516,V742426. | 1974-11-06 to 1975-01-31 | face to face | 1,575 | 1,575 |
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study Source variable: V720378,V720379,V720426. | 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 | face to face | 2,705 | 2,705 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study Source variable: V700347,V700348,V700392(type 0). | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,507 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study Source variable: V680201,V680265. | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,557 |
| ANES 1966 Time Series Study Source variable: V660215,V660238. | 1966-11-08 to 1967-02-01 | face to face | 1,291 | 1,291 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study Source variable: V640228,V640185. | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,571 |
| ANES 1960 Time Series Study Source variable: V600150,V600121. | 1960-09-12 to 1960-12-26 | face to face | 1,181 | 1,164 |
| ANES 1958 Time Series Study Source variable: V580205,V580173. | 1958-11-05 to 1958-12-25 | face to face | 1,450 | 1,450 |
| ANES 1956 Time Series Study Source variable: V560130,V560174. | 1956-09-17 to 1957-01-19 | face to face | 1,762 | 1,762 |
| ANES 1952 Time Series Study Source variable: V520009,V520139. | 1952-09-15 | face to face | 1,899 | 1,799 |