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1968,1970: Is (the head) presently employed, or is (he/she) unemployed, retired, (a hosuewife), (a student), or what? 1972-1978: We’d also like to know about the head of the family. Is (he/she) working now, looking for work, retired,(a housewife), (a student), or what? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT) Are you doing any work for pay at the present time? (HOMEMAKER OR STUDENT, AND R IS WORKING FOR PAY:) About how many hours do you work on your job in the average week? 1980-1986: We’d like to know if he/she is working now, temporarily laid off, or is he/she unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, (a homemaker), (a student), or what? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (RETIRED 1980,1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (DISABLED 1982) Is he/she doing any work for pay at the present time? (STUDENT OR HOMEMAKER:) About how many hours does he/she work on his/her job in the average week? (RETIRED AND ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1980:) In an average week does he/she work 20 or more hours on that job? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R ANSWERED WORKING FOR PAY 1982:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week? (RETIRED OR DISABLED, AND R VOLUNTEERED WORKING FOR PAY 1984,1986:) About how many hours does he/she work on your job in the average week?
Household head work status, five categories · Asked in 16 waves, 1952–1986 · 28,398 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Kept and flagged: 9 (other_missing). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: See VCF0118. After 1986, the concept of ‘Head of Household’ was discontinued. GENERAL NOTE: No direct question asking R about head’s work status was used prior to 1968. Instead, R was asked what head’s occupation was, and codes for ‘student,’ ‘retired,’ ‘housewife,’ ‘unemployed’ etc. appeared within the occupation codes from which this variable has been recoded.
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Employed | Not employed: laid off, unemployed, on strike, permanently disabled and other except for retired, student or housewife |
|---|
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860676. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840531. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 2,257 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study Source variable: V820666. | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,418 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800592. | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,614 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V780553. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,304 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study Source variable: V763431. | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 2,248 |
| ANES 1974 Time Series Study Source variable: V742466. | 1974-11-06 to 1975-01-31 | face to face | 1,575 | 1,575 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| Retired (1966 adds ‘over 65’) |
|---|
| Homemaker (see VCF0118) |
|---|
| Student (see VCF0118) |
|---|
| n |
|---|
| MoE |
|---|
| All respondents | 70% | 9% | 16% | 3% | 1% | 2176 | ±2 | |
| Urban | 66% | 10% | 18% | 4% | 2% | 552 | ±4 | |
| Suburban | 73% | 8% | 15% | 3% | 1% | 924 | ±3 | |
| Rural | 69% | 10% | 16% | 4% | 1% | 700 | ±4 |
ANES 1986 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ living in households in the contiguous 48 states. Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study Source variable: V720329. |
| 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 |
| face to face |
| 2,705 |
| 2,705 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study Source variable: V700298(type 0). | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,507 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study Source variable: V680168. | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,557 |
| ANES 1966 Time Series Study Source variable: V660199. | 1966-11-08 to 1967-02-01 | face to face | 1,291 | 1,291 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study Source variable: V640209. | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,571 |
| ANES 1960 Time Series Study Source variable: V600136. | 1960-09-12 to 1960-12-26 | face to face | 1,181 | 1,164 |
| ANES 1958 Time Series Study Source variable: V580188. | 1958-11-05 to 1958-12-25 | face to face | 1,450 | 1,450 |
| ANES 1956 Time Series Study Source variable: V560125. | 1956-09-17 to 1957-01-19 | face to face | 1,762 | 1,762 |
| ANES 1952 Time Series Study Source variable: V520135. | 1952-09-15 | face to face | 1,899 | 1,799 |