1952-1964: What is your occupation. I mean, what kind of work do you do? (IF NOT CLEAR OR OBVIOUS [1958,1960,1964 only]:) What exactly do you do on your job? (IF NOT ASCERTAINED:) What kind of business is that? (IF R IS UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work do you usually do? (IF R IS RETIRED:) What kind of work did you do before you retired? 1968-1970: (IF EMPLOYED OR ON STRIKE:) What kind of work do you do? [What exactly do you do on your job?] (IF UNEMPLOYED OR RETIRED:) What kind of work did you do when you were employed? [What exactly did you do on your job?] 1972-1982: (IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main occupation [What sort of work do you do? Tell me a little more about what you do.] (IF R IS UNEMPLOYED:) What kind of work did you do on your last regular job [What was your occupation?] (IF R IS RETIRED OR DISABLED:) What kind of work did you do when you worked [What was your main occupation?] 1984 AND LATER: (IF R IS WORKING NOW OR IS TEMPORARILY LAID OFF:) What is your main occupation [What sort of work do you do?] What are your most important activities or duties? (IF R IS RETIRED/UNEMPLOYED /DISABLED:) What kind of work did you do on your last regular job [What was your occupation?] What were your most important activities or duties?
Respondent occupation group · Asked in 23 waves, 1952–2004 · 40,001 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Dropped as not asked: 0 'NA; member of armed forces; no occupation and not a homemaker'. Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: See Appendix OCCUPATION notes. This represents current employment of respondents defined as ‘working now’, and represents past employment of respondents defined as retired, unemployed, or disabled; respondents defined as homemakers are coded 6, and respondents defined as students are coded 0. Exclusion: in studies 1966-later, additional occupation data were available for Rs considered ‘students’ and ‘housewives’ (either nonworking [past/recent employment] or currently working some hours [1966-1970: any number of hours; 1972 and later: less than 20 hours per week], but corresponding occupation data were not available at all in the 1952,1956,1958,1960 or 1964 studies, and VCF0115 excludes the occupation of this additional set of (1966-later) respondents: VCF0151 includes such additional data. 2002 NOTE: Respondent occupation was not determined. 2008-LATER NOTE: Revised master codes are not comparable to preceding years for collapse into these categories.
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study Source variable: V043262p. | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,167 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study Source variable: V000919,V000980. | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,732 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study Source variable: V980579,V980639. | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 | mixed | 1,281 | 1,149 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study Source variable: V960615,V960676. | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,658 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study Source variable: V941215,V941216. | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,715 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study Source variable: V923914,V923955. | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,367 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study Source variable: V900565,V900603. | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,915 |
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| Group | Professional and managerial | Clerical and sales workers | Skilled, semi-skilled and service workers | Laborers, except farm | Farmers, farm managers, farm laborers and foremen; forestry and fishermen | Homemakers (1972-1992: 7 IN VCF0116, 4 in VCF0118; 1952-1970: 4 in VCF0118) | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 30% | 25% | 31% | 3% | 2% | 8% | 1167 | ±3 | |
| Men | 31% | 17% | 42% | 6% | 4% | 0% | 540 | ±5 | |
| Women | 29% | 33% | 22% | 1% | 0% | 16% | 627 | ±4 |
ANES 2004 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ living in households in the contiguous 48 states. Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study Source variable: V880428,V880466. |
| 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 |
| face to face |
| 2,040 |
| 1,971 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study Source variable: V860614,V860664. | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,093 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study Source variable: V840456,V840504,V840516. | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 2,187 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study Source variable: V820556,V820557,V820572. | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,364 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study Source variable: V800454,V800455,V800471,V800486. | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,534 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study Source variable: V780531,V780534. | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,224 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study Source variable: V763409,V763412. | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 2,163 |
| ANES 1974 Time Series Study Source variable: V742443,V742446. | 1974-11-06 to 1975-01-31 | face to face | 1,575 | 1,526 |
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study Source variable: V720306,V720309. | 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 | face to face | 2,705 | 2,608 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study Source variable: V700275,V700276(type 0). | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,472 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study Source variable: V680161. | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,500 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study Source variable: V640202,V640205. | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,544 |
| ANES 1960 Time Series Study Source variable: V600129,V600132. | 1960-09-12 to 1960-12-26 | face to face | 1,181 | 1,155 |
| ANES 1958 Time Series Study Source variable: V580181,V580184. | 1958-11-05 to 1958-12-25 | face to face | 1,450 | 1,436 |
| ANES 1956 Time Series Study Source variable: V560120,V560123. | 1956-09-17 to 1957-01-19 | face to face | 1,762 | 1,747 |
| ANES 1952 Time Series Study Source variable: V520132,V520134. | 1952-09-15 | face to face | 1,899 | 1,774 |