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1964-1976: What is your date of birth? 1978-1982: What is the month and year of your birth? 1984-LATER: What is the month, day and year of your birth?
Respondent birth cohort · Asked in 33 waves, 1948–2024 · 73,645 responses · weighted estimates computed from individual responses
Codes that include 'no Pre/Post IW' were dropped for respondents without that interview. Kept and flagged: 0 (other_missing). Codebook notes: GENERAL NOTE: Built from VCF0101 (except 1954) or from birth year when available. See NOTEs VCF0101. 1948 NOTE: The 1948 ANES age variable was present as age groups which do not allow simple recoding. An estimate was made to fit those codes into the cohort categories. The original age categories were: 1948: 1.18-24; 2.25-34; 3.35-44; 4.45-54; 5.55-64; 6.65 and over. The 1948 recode used was: 1=4, 2=5, 3-4=6, 5-6=7. 1954 NOTE: The 1954 ANES age variable was present as age groups which do not allow simple recoding. An estimate was made to fit those codes into the cohort categories. The original age categories were: 1954: 1.21-24; 2.25-34; 3.35-44; 4.45-54; 5.55-64; 6.over 65. The 1954 recode used was: 1=4, 2-3=5, 4-5=6, 6=7.
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. Each column is one wave, evenly spaced rather than to scale in time; hover for exact shares.
| Poll | Field dates | Mode | Respondents | Responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANES 2024 Time Series Study Source variable: V241455. | 2024-08-03 to 2025-02-17 | mixed | 5,521 | 5,521 |
| ANES 2020 Time Series Study Source variable: V201506. | 2020-08-18 to 2021-01-04 | mixed | 8,280 | 8,280 |
| ANES 2016 Time Series Study Source variable: V161267. | 2016-09-07 to 2017-01-09 | mixed | 4,270 | 4,270 |
| ANES 2012 Time Series Study | 2012-09-09 to 2013-01-13 | mixed | 5,914 | 5,914 |
| ANES 2008 Time Series Study | 2008-09-02 to 2008-12-30 | face to face | 2,322 | 2,322 |
| ANES 2004 Time Series Study | 2004-09-07 to 2004-12-19 | face to face | 1,212 | 1,212 |
| ANES 2002 Time Series Study | 2002-09-18 to 2002-12-06 | phone | 1,511 | 1,511 |
| ANES 2000 Time Series Study | 2000-09-05 to 2000-12-22 | mixed | 1,807 | 1,807 |
| ANES 1998 Time Series Study | 1998-11-04 to 1998-12-23 |
Dashed lines mark changes in how interviews were done, which can shift answers: 1. → mixed mode (2012).
Shares of people who gave an answer. A group’s column is left blank in waves where its effective sample is under 50; hover for exact shares.
| Group | 1991 - present | 1975 - 1990 | 1959 - 1974 | 1943 - 1958 | 1927 - 1942 | 1911 - 1926 | 1895 - 1910 | Before 1895 | n | MoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All respondents | 25% | 27% | 26% | 18% | 4% | 0% | 0% | – | 5521 | ±2 | |
| Democrats | 24% | 26% | 24% | 22% | 5% | 0% | 0% | – | 1930 | ±3 | |
| Independents (incl. leaners) | 29% | 29% | 27% | 13% | 3% | – | 0% | – | 1810 | ±3 | |
| Republicans | 22% | 25% | 28% | 21% | 4% | 0% | – | – | 1743 | ±3 |
ANES 2024 Time Series Study · US citizens 18+ (face-to-face samples: contiguous 48 states and DC; web samples: 50 states and DC). Shares of people who gave an answer. n is unweighted; ± is the 95% margin of error at 50% from the weighted effective sample. Groups with an effective sample under 50 are grayed; under 20, hidden.
| mixed |
| 1,281 |
| 1,281 |
| ANES 1996 Time Series Study | 1996-09-03 to 1997-01-02 | mixed | 1,714 | 1,714 |
| ANES 1994 Time Series Study | 1994-11-09 to 1995-01-08 | mixed | 1,795 | 1,795 |
| ANES 1992 Time Series Study | 1992-09-02 to 1993-01-16 | mixed | 2,485 | 2,485 |
| ANES 1990 Time Series Study | 1990-11-06 to 1991-01-21 | face to face | 1,980 | 1,980 |
| ANES 1988 Time Series Study | 1988-09-06 to 1989-01-23 | face to face | 2,040 | 2,040 |
| ANES 1986 Time Series Study | 1986-11-05 to 1987-02-07 | face to face | 2,176 | 2,176 |
| ANES 1984 Time Series Study | 1984-09-04 to 1985-01-24 | mixed | 2,257 | 2,257 |
| ANES 1982 Time Series Study | 1982-11-02 to 1983-01-31 | face to face | 1,418 | 1,418 |
| ANES 1980 Time Series Study | 1980-09-02 to 1981-02-07 | face to face | 1,614 | 1,614 |
| ANES 1978 Time Series Study | 1978-11-08 to 1979-01-25 | face to face | 2,304 | 2,304 |
| ANES 1976 Time Series Study | 1976-09-07 to 1977-01-30 | face to face | 2,248 | 2,248 |
| ANES 1974 Time Series Study | 1974-11-06 to 1975-01-31 | face to face | 1,575 | 1,575 |
| ANES 1972 Time Series Study | 1972-09-01 to 1973-02-13 | face to face | 2,705 | 2,705 |
| ANES 1970 Time Series Study | 1970-11-04 to 1971-01-13 | face to face | 1,507 | 1,507 |
| ANES 1968 Time Series Study | 1968-09-06 to 1969-01-28 | face to face | 1,557 | 1,557 |
| ANES 1966 Time Series Study | 1966-11-08 to 1967-02-01 | face to face | 1,291 | 1,291 |
| ANES 1964 Time Series Study | 1964-09-07 to 1965-02-01 | face to face | 1,571 | 1,571 |
| ANES 1962 Time Series Study | 1962-11-07 | face to face | 1,297 | 1,297 |
| ANES 1960 Time Series Study | 1960-09-12 to 1960-12-26 | face to face | 1,181 | 1,181 |
| ANES 1958 Time Series Study | 1958-11-05 to 1958-12-25 | face to face | 1,450 | 1,450 |
| ANES 1956 Time Series Study | 1956-09-17 to 1957-01-19 | face to face | 1,762 | 1,762 |
| ANES 1954 Time Series Study | 1954-10-01 to 1954-10-31 | face to face | 1,139 | 1,139 |
| ANES 1952 Time Series Study | 1952-09-15 | face to face | 1,899 | 1,799 |
| ANES 1948 Time Series Study | 1948-10-01 to 1948-12-31 | face to face | 662 | 662 |